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Sidman, Murray – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2009
With an emphasis on procedural fundamentals, the original behavior-analytic equivalence experiments and the equivalence paradigm are described briefly. A few of the subsequent developments and implications are noted, with special reference to the possible significance of the findings with respect to language and cognition. (Contains 9 figures.)
Descriptors: Research Methodology, Tutorial Programs, Models, Stimuli
Jennett, Heather K.; Harris, Sandra L.; Delmolino, Lara – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2008
The present study compared the effects of discrete trial instruction (DTI) and mand training on the acquisition of independent requests in 6 children with autism. Two multiple-probe designs across participants were conducted with 3 participants receiving mand training followed by DTI and the other 3 receiving DTI followed by mand training. Eye…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Autism, Human Body, Comparative Analysis
Bloh, Christopher – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2008
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 transfer of stimulus control procedures to teach tacting to individuals with autism. Five participants with differing verbal skills were assessed by a subset of the ABLLS prior to intervention, then were taught 36 previously unknown tacts using the receptive-echoic-tact (r-e-t) and…
Descriptors: Autism, Intervention, Verbal Ability, Learning Processes
Baker, Jonathan C.; LeBlanc, Linda A.; Raetz, Paige B. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2008
Aphasia is an acquired language impairment that affects over 1 million individuals, the majority of whom are over age 65 (Groher, 1989). This disorder has typically been conceptualized within a cognitive neuroscience framework, but a behavioral interpretation of aphasia is also possible. Skinner's (1957) analysis of verbal behavior proposes a…
Descriptors: Responses, Stimuli, Aphasia, Language Impairments
Washio, Yukiko; Houmanfar, Ramona – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2007
Transfer of training from an instructional environment to a natural environment may bring about ineffective language performance by bilingual individuals. In that regard, this study was designed to demonstrate the effect of such a transition on individuals' language performance. A series of Japanese and English words were used as sample and…
Descriptors: Conversational Language Courses, Transfer of Training, Communicative Competence (Languages), Differences
Fiorile, Carol A.; Greer, R. Douglas – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2007
The phenomenon identified as naming is a key stage of language function that is missing in many children with autism and other language delay diagnoses. We identified four children with autism, who, prior to the implementation of this experiment, did not have the naming repertoire (either speaker to listener or listener to speaker) and who had no…
Descriptors: Verbal Operant Conditioning, Preschool Children, Autism, Language Acquisition
Sweeney-Kerwin, Emily J.; Carbone, Vincent J.; O'Brien, Leigh; Zecchin, Gina; Janecky, Marietta N. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2007
Few studies have made use of B. F. Skinner's (1957) behavioral analysis of language and precise taxonomy of verbal behavior when describing the controlling variables for the mand relation. Consequently, the motivating operation (MO) has not typically been identified as an independent variable and the nature of a spontaneous mand has been…
Descriptors: Verbal Operant Conditioning, Children, Autism, Speech
Sidener, David W. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2006
The following paper describes Lowenkron's model of joint (stimulus) control. Joint control is described as a means of accounting for performances, especially generalized performances, for which a history of contingency control does not provide an adequate account. Examples are provided to illustrate instances in which joint control may facilitate…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Performance, Adaptive Testing, Models
Lowenkron, Barry – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2006
Lowenkron and colleagues (Lowenkron, 1984; 1991; 1998; 2006; Lowenkron and Colvin, 1992) describe a model that explains complex behavior using only well-established behavioral principles, concepts and terms. The model, called "joint control," is especially useful for understanding complex and delayed discriminations within a purely behavioral…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Behavior, Models, Discrimination Learning
Lowenkron, Barry – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2006
This research examined the role the two constituents of joint control, the tact and the echoic, play in producing accurate selections of novel stimuli in response to their spoken descriptions. Experiment 1 examined the role of tacts. In response to unfamiliar spoken descriptions, children learned to select from among six successively presented…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Probability, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Selection
Sidener, David W.; Michael, Jack – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2006
The ability of preschool age children to perform generalized relational matching to sample tasks with and without an overt mediating stimulus was examined. This experiment was a direct replication of a study by Lowenkron (1984) and examined a behavioral model relevant to complex human behavior that he later came to call "joint control." Children…
Descriptors: Generalization, Objective Tests, Preschool Children, Stimuli
Gutierrez, Rick D. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2006
Behavior analysts have offered accounts of the behavior involved in matching to sample and delayed matching to sample. But until recently have not offered a behavioral analysis of generalized matching-to-sample. The concept of joint control, however, seems especially suited to such an analysis The present study used a joint-control procedure to…
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Objective Tests, Stimuli, Sequential Learning
Tu, Joyce C. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2006
In the present study, joint-control training was applied when teaching manded selection responses to children with autism. Four vocal children with autism participated in the first experiment, two males (ages seven and eight) and two females (ages seven and nine). The results showed that it was only after object-word naming was trained under joint…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Selection, Responses, Verbal Operant Conditioning
Palmer, David C. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2006
The discrimination of the onset of joint control is an important interpretive tool in explaining matching behavior and other complex phenomena, but the difficulty of getting experimental control of all relevant variables stands in the way of a definitive experiment. The studies in the present issue of "The Analysis of Verbal Behavior" illustrate…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Verbal Operant Conditioning, Research Methodology, Protocol Analysis
Petursdottir, A. I.; Carr, J. E.; Michael, J. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2005
According to Skinner's (1957) analysis of verbal behavior, the mand and the tact are functionally independent verbal operants, each of which is acquired through a unique history of reinforcement. The present study attempted to replicate the findings of Lamarre and Holland (1985), who empirically demonstrated functional independence of mands and…
Descriptors: Verbal Stimuli, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Preschool Children, Reinforcement