Alternative educational goals that have been at the root of educational conflict in the United States are explored: (1) democratic equality; (2) social efficiency; and (3) social mobility. Conflict over these goals, especially the domination of the social mobility goal, has resulted in a contradictory structure that impairs educational efficiency.…

The relationship between education policy and the workplace is explored in its historical context. Vocational education is examined as instrumental action and as symbolic action linked to the rise of professionalism and the modern industrial system. (SLD)

The current interest in reflective approaches to teacher education is examined, arguing that the move toward more reflective orientations toward teaching and teacher education must be viewed in institutional contexts and structural adjustments in Western capitalist systems. A more socially, culturally, and politically reflective approach to…