Career and Technical Education (CTE) has predominantly existed parallel to academic education. Recently however, CTE and academic instruction have begun to intersect and merge. This confluence can be very beneficial for students with disabilities. Careful planning for both academic and CTE instruction is critical. It allows for students with…

Policy generally refers to outlined ways of doing things, which are usually linked to laws. Educational reforms are changes in educational policies, expectations, and implementations. Policy and educational reform includes reforms at the federal, state, and local levels. Examples of federal reform include the passing of the Americans with…

Postsecondary education is any education that occurs after high school. Postsecondary education includes trade school and vocational school as well as community colleges, four year institutions, and postgraduate institutions. Community involvement is what individuals do to be involved within their community. It can include participation in day…

Career and technical education (CTE) is a form of educational service that is centered around preparing students for the workforce. At its core, CTE is intended to bridge the gap between high school education and postsecondary employment by teaching employment skills to students while they are in high school. CTE is vital in transition planning…

The term educator is defined as, "one skilled in teaching (Merriam-Webster)". In this annotated bibliography, the term educators includes special education teachers, general education teachers, career and technical educators, and any other educators that would be involved in teaching Career and Technical Education (CTE) skills to…

Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports (PBIS) arose from the need to respond to the pervasive racial disparities in behavioral outcomes for students with, and at-risk, for disabilities. Initially, the use of culturally appropriate interventions was indirectly emphasized through PBIS. The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to…

This practical guide has been developed to help facilitate collaboration and build effective partnerships at the local level between local educational agency (LEA) and vocational rehabilitation (VR) personnel. Unfortunately, there is no magic formula that will instantly create these partnerships; however, there are proven strategies and processes…

Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports (PBIS) arose from the need to respond to the pervasive racial disparities in behavioral outcomes for students with, and at-risk, for disabilities. Initially, the use of culturally appropriate interventions was indirectly emphasized through PBIS (Sugai et al., 2000b). Researchers have often critiqued…

The use of restorative practices, now popular in many schools, offer a step forward in the search of a promising solution to the disparate and overly punitive treatment of students of color and students with and at risk for disabilities. Restorative practices are student-centered interventions that are designed to establish positive relationships…

Transition planning officially begins between the ages of 14 and 16 for most students with an IEP. However, the process is lifelong. Job Exploration Counseling, or Career counseling/guidance includes a wide variety of activities which help students explore career options and opportunities available. Job exploring options are intended to foster…

The National Technical Assistance Center on Transition's (NTACT) Competitive Integrated Employment (CIE) Toolkit was developed in accordance with the requirements of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Rehabilitation Act), as amended by the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) as a…

The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to synthesize relevant research and resources on the effective integration of culturally responsive/sustaining practices in special education. The strategies and interventions that have produced positive academic outcomes for culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students with and at risk for…

Students with disabilities continue to lag behind their peers without disabilities in post secondary education and employment. Outcomes of youth with disabilities are influenced by many factors, including but not limited to parent expectations and services received to support individual needs. One important transition service that can be provided…

The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to provide educators with sources that define the issues of mental health and offer suggestions for how to address mental health in the secondary transition planning process. The information is organized by four categories: (1) overview of the issue; (2) prevalence and comorbidity; (3) professional,…

Students with disabilities experience higher unemployment, attend postsecondary environments less often, and engage less in their communities after graduating from high school compared to their peers without disabilities (Newman, Wagner, Knokey, Marder, Nagle, Shaver, & Schwarting, 2011). In middle school, young adolescents with disabilities…