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Freeman, Donald – TESOL Quarterly, 1982
Presents three approaches to the observer-teacher relationship including Supervisory Approach where observer functions as arbitrator; Alternatives Approach in which observer offers series of alternatives to observed activities; and Non-Directive Approach in which observer provides a reflection and integration of teacher's own goals and…
Descriptors: Classroom Observation Techniques, Inservice Teacher Education
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Freeman, Donald – TESOL Quarterly, 1989
Two schemata for refocusing language teacher education on teaching (rather than on such ancillary areas as applied linguistics or language acquisition) are proposed, including: (1) a descriptive model defining teaching as decision-making based on knowledge, skills, attitudes, and awareness; and (2) a related framework of two educating…
Descriptors: Educational Needs, Educational Strategies, Language Teachers, Relevance (Education)
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Freeman, Donald – TESOL Quarterly, 1995
This article discusses how qualitative research can inform language teacher education, focusing on the perspectives of teacher practice, knowledge, and understanding that affect teacher education research. It argues that researchers need to examine how teachers, students, parents, and others involved in the classroom construe their worlds and…
Descriptors: Classroom Environment, English (Second Language), Higher Education, Language Research
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Freeman, Donald; Richards, Jack C. – TESOL Quarterly, 1993
Using Zahorik's framework, which classifies conceptions of teaching into three categories (science/research, theory/philosophy, and art/craft), this paper reviews different conceptions of second-language instruction prevalent in the English-as-a-Second-Language teaching field. The aim is to shift the focus of discussion from behavior/activity to…
Descriptors: Classification, Educational Philosophy, Educational Strategies, English (Second Language)
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Freeman, Donald; Johnson, Karen E. – TESOL Quarterly, 1998
Recommends reconceptualizing the knowledge base of English as a Second Language teacher education, arguing that its core must emphasize the activity of teaching itself, teachers who teach, contexts in which teaching occur, and pedagogy involved. The knowledge base must understand teachers as learners of teaching, social contexts of schools and…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language), Higher Education, Knowledge Base for Teaching
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Tucker, G. Richard; Lightbown, Patsy M.; Snow, Catherine; Christian, Donna; de Bot, Kees; Lynch, Brian K.; Nunan, David; Duff, Patricia A.; Freeman, Donald; Bailey, Kathleen M. – TESOL Quarterly, 2001
Highlights research priorities for the Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) field, including the following: age of beginning instruction, learning to read in a second language, dual-language education for English language learners, language assessment and program evaluation, English as a global language, learning English for…
Descriptors: Age, Bilingual Education, English (Second Language), English for Academic Purposes