The Coleman Report, Equality of Educational Opportunity (EEOS), and several reanalyses of its data are reviewed. The methodologies and results of several field studies of the effects of school desegregation upon the academic performance of black students are evaluated to determine whether they support the conclusions drawn in the EEOS. (EVH)

The effectiveness of guided and nonguided instructional strategies for teaching psychomotor skills is reviewed from the perspectives of learning theories, psychomotor research, transfer of learning, and the function and desirability of making errors in the learning process. (EVH)

Research on cognitive styles, particularly field dependence/ independence has implications for understanding how students learn; how teachers teach; how teachers and students interact, and how students make educational and vocational choices and perform in the areas of their choice. (Author/MV)

A review of research suggests that support for team teaching is not based on empirical evidence. Intensive, systematic investigations are needed before the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of team teaching can be substantiated. (MV)

Four general classroom reward structures were identified (individual reward contingencies, group reward contingencies, individual competition and group competition) and studies comparing their effectiveness in strengthening the independent academic performance of students were reviewed. The most striking finding was the consistent superiority of…

Problems in measuring change abound. For many purposes, a pretest score is best treated as any other measure obtained at the time of the pretest. Where appropriate, regression analyses that treat the pretest no differently from other independent variables, and the posttest as the dependent variable avoid many difficulties introduced by gain…

Recent advances in item analysis have provided greater capabilities for the analysis of tests, but have also significantly increased the gap between the theory and practice of item analysis. This paper traces the lines of development in item analysis under latent trait theory. (MV)

The terms, workers' education, labor education, and labor studies, reflect historical periods differing in curriculum content, student body, and basic objectives. (MV)

The article outlines the nature of behavioral instruction, evaluates research on the effectiveness of behavioral instruction, evaluates research on the contribution of the components of behavioral instruction, and discusses critical issues with an eye to future developments. (RC)

The review develops a definition of self-concept from existing definitions, reviews some steps in validating a construct interpretation of a test score, and applies these steps in examining five popularly used self-concept instruments. (RC)

Continuing motivation (CM) is the tendency to return to and continue working on tasks away from the instructional context. CM is identified, defined, and approaches to measurement are suggested. Various antecedent conditions are considered emphasizing a "freedom in learning" hypothesis. Implications for practice and suggestions for…

Evaluation research can be more effective if policy formation is included in its scope. The areas discussed in this article deal specifically with organizational policy. The relationship between policy formation and evaluation research are examined and a framework for evaluating policy is presented. (DEP)

Examines methods used in analysis of school and home effects in three recently published International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement studies. Results of this examination lead to different results than those found in the original study. (Author/DEP)

Many researchers, wishing to generalize to large numbers, have turned away from Piaget's measurement techniques to group paper-and-pencil tests. The psychometric properties of these tests and their statistical links with other constructs are examined, along with the relationship between the observed products of mental effort and their underlying…