Every school reform initiative promises to improve some aspect of schooling and, ultimately, the academic performance of the target schools and their students. The reform's cost often determines not only whether the particular initiative is implemented but also how the reform is implemented. Analyzing the cost-effectiveness of a programmatic or organizational education reform can provide crucial information for decision makers, taxpayers, funders, and the general public that transcends, for example, funding levels and outcomes that may not be directly related to the initiative. Yet neither policymakers nor researchers habitually use analyses measuring school reform cost-effectiveness.