The purpose of compensatory education is grounded in the history and practice of addressing the effects of poverty on teaching and learning. The intended purpose of compensatory education was to provide additional investment in human capital for low-income students to compensate for the higher investments in human capital afforded to more advantaged populations. The research on economically disadvantaged students provides a foundation for State Compensatory Education (SCE) programs in Texas. In this article, the author examines the effectiveness of SCE programs in Texas.