A review of European research on the relationship between higher education and employment addresses a variety of issues, including changing employment opportunities and patterns for graduates, "appropriate" employment and educational relevance, and employer expectations and recruitment criteria. (MSE)

A discussion of innovation in European higher education looks at governmental strategies toward higher education, instruments government uses to influence higher education, fundamental characteristics of higher education institutions, the literature on innovation in higher education, and the relationship between governmental efforts and the…

An analysis of the way Italy has responded to the changing demands that society places on higher education begins with the enrollment boom of the early 1960s and traces the public debate to the present. (MSE)

In Greece, universities do not have great autonomy. Areas of responsibility and authority of the state and the institutions are not clearly defined. Universities are always under the political supervision of the ministries of education. (MSE)

A discussion of vocational education in the Netherlands covers the options available to students, enrollment and distribution trends, testing, and the link between vocational education and employment. (MSE)

The United Kingdom's system of apprenticeships and its relationship to vocational education and employment are discussed, with focus on recent government initiatives, access to apprenticeships, and efforts to coordinate training with labor market needs. (MSE)

The evolution of the status and role of university faculty in Denmark during the 1980s, and the prospects for the near future, are examined in light of the predictions and recommendations made in a report issued eight years ago. (MSE)

The education system, and particularly its teachers, have been the major targets of blame for a general social and economic decline in Britain, resulting in public policy that is unfavorable to or ignores the needs of the profession. (MSE)

Dissatisfaction and upheaval among Scottish teachers is due to public policy that keeps teacher education, and thus education in general, a low priority. (MSE)

Three issues are discussed: the impact of computerization of society on the demand for teachers, the effect of constant decline in the birthrate on the teaching profession, and the stabilization of education against trends of factual de-schooling taking place in everyday life. (MSE)

The last two decades have brought decline and government intrusion instead of improvement in teacher education. Revitalization will occur more readily through increased regional autonomy, local democratic and community influence, and peer validation of teacher education courses equitably applied to both the university and public school sectors.…

Belgian official policy toward the teaching profession as developed in the last 10 years is examined in the context of the special situation of education in Belgian society, its complicated relations with the government, and the position it occupies in Belgian politics. (MSE)

A new system in which French higher education policy is evaluated through the policies of each institution is described. Characteristics of the French university and university system are examined, the national evaluation committee's structure is outlined, and the logistics of the evaluation process are discussed. (MSE)

Concern about the legitimate role of the government in evaluating higher education institutions has developed as a result of a 1985 Dutch proposal for decentralization that combines a formal national quality control system with increased institutional autonomy through self-regulation. The issues are outlined. (MSE)

The educational, social, and economic implications of Britain's recently adopted policy of charging foreign students for the full cost of their education are examined, especially in the context of the worldwide demand for higher education in English-language institutions. (MSE)