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Bettle, Rosemary; Rosati, Alexandra G. – Developmental Science, 2021
The natural pedagogy hypothesis proposes that human infants preferentially attend to communicative signals from others, facilitating rapid cultural learning. In this view, sensitivity to such signals is a uniquely human adaptation and as such nonhuman animals should not produce or utilize these communicative signals. We test these evolutionary…
Descriptors: Animals, Attention, Cues, Communication (Thought Transfer)
Panda, Erin J.; Emami, Zahra; Valiante, Taufik A.; Pang, Elizabeth W. – Developmental Science, 2021
As we listen to speech, our ability to understand what was said requires us to retrieve and bind together individual word meanings into a coherent discourse representation. This so-called semantic unification is a fundamental cognitive skill, and its development relies on the integration of neural activity throughout widely distributed functional…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cognitive Processes, Semantics, Individual Differences
Zuk, Jennifer; Dunstan, Jade; Norton, Elizabeth; Yu, Xi; Ozernov-Palchik, Ola; Wang, Yingying; Hogan, Tiffany P.; Gabrieli, John D. E.; Gaab, Nadine – Developmental Science, 2021
Recent efforts have focused on screening methods to identify children at risk for dyslexia as early as preschool/kindergarten. Unfortunately, while low sensitivity leads to under-identification of at-risk children, low "specificity" can lead to over-identification, resulting in inaccurate allocation of limited educational resources. The…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, At Risk Persons, Screening Tests, Preschool Children
Cunningham, Anna J.; Burgess, Adrian P.; Witton, Caroline; Talcott, Joel B.; Shapiro, Laura R. – Developmental Science, 2021
We reconcile competing theories of the role of phonological memory in reading development, by uncovering their dynamic relationship during the first 5 years of school. Phonological memory, reading and phoneme awareness were assessed in 780 phonics-educated children at age 4, 5, 6 and 9. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that phonological…
Descriptors: Phonology, Memory, Reading, Longitudinal Studies
Gard, Arianna M.; Maxwell, Andrea M.; Shaw, Daniel S.; Mitchell, Colter; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne; McLanahan, Sara S.; Forbes, Erika E.; Monk, Christopher S.; Hyde, Luke W. – Developmental Science, 2021
A growing literature suggests that adversity is associated with later altered brain function, particularly within the corticolimbic system that supports emotion processing and salience detection (e.g., amygdala, prefrontal cortex [PFC]). Although neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage has been shown to predict maladaptive behavioral outcomes,…
Descriptors: Brain, Disadvantaged Environment, Neighborhoods, Individual Development
Caccia, Martina; Lorusso, Maria Luisa – Developmental Science, 2021
Rhythm perception seems to be crucial to language development. Many studies have shown that children with developmental dyslexia and developmental language disorder have difficulties in processing rhythmic structures. In this study, we investigated the relationships between prosody and musical processing in Italian children with typical and…
Descriptors: Language Rhythm, Music, Suprasegmentals, Children
Freier, Livia; Gupta, Pankaj; Badre, David; Amso, Dima – Developmental Science, 2021
Rule-guided behavior depends on the ability to strategically update and act on content held in working memory. Proactive and reactive control strategies were contrasted across two experiments using an adapted input/output gating paradigm (Neuron, 81, 2014 and 930). Behavioral accuracies of 3-, 5-, and 7-year-olds were higher when a contextual cue…
Descriptors: Goal Orientation, Children, Short Term Memory, Selection
Hayiou-Thomas, Marianna E.; Smith-Woolley, Emily; Dale, Philip S. – Developmental Science, 2021
This study examines whether, and how, multiple risks in early childhood are associated with an increased likelihood of a poor language or literacy outcome in early adolescence. Using data from 210 participants in the longitudinal Twins Early Developmental Study, we focus on the following risk factors at age 4: family risk, and poor language,…
Descriptors: Early Experience, Risk, Early Adolescents, Twins
van de Walle de Ghelcke, Alice; Rossion, Bruno; Schiltz, Christine; Lochy, Aliette – Developmental Science, 2021
The developmental course of neural tuning to visual letter strings is unclear. Here we tested 39 children longitudinally, at the beginning of grade 1 (6.45 ± 0.33 years old) and 1 year after, with fast periodic visual stimulation in electroencephalography to assess the evolution of selective neural responses to letter strings and their…
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Grade 1, Grade 2, Elementary School Students
Lê, Margaux; Blais, Mélody; Jucla, Mélanie; Chauveau, Nicolas; Maziero, Stéphanie; Biotteau, Maëlle; Albaret, Jean-Michel; Péran, Patrice; Chaix, Yves; Tallet, Jessica – Developmental Science, 2021
Rhythmic abilities are impaired in developmental coordination disorder (DCD) but learning deficit of procedural skills implying temporal sequence is still unclear. Current contradictory results suggest that procedural learning deficits in DCD highly depend on learning conditions. The present study proposes to test the role of sensory modality of…
Descriptors: Developmental Disabilities, Psychomotor Skills, Auditory Stimuli, Visual Stimuli
Babineau, Mireille; de Carvalho, Alex; Trueswell, John; Christophe, Anne – Developmental Science, 2021
Young children can exploit the syntactic context of a novel word to narrow down its probable meaning. But how do they learn which contexts are linked to which semantic features in the first place? We investigate if 3- to 4-year-old children (n = 60) can learn about a syntactic context from tracking its use with only a few familiar words. After…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Language Processing, Semantics, Syntax
François, Clément; Rodriguez-Fornells, Antoni; Teixidó, Maria; Agut, Thaïs; Bosch, Laura – Developmental Science, 2021
Recent findings have revealed that very preterm neonates already show the typical brain responses to place of articulation changes in stop consonants, but data on their sensitivity to other types of phonetic changes remain scarce. Here, we examined the impact of 7-8 weeks of extra-uterine life on the automatic processing of syllables in 20 healthy…
Descriptors: Premature Infants, Brain, Responses, Auditory Stimuli
Nencheva, Mira L.; Piazza, Elise A.; Lew-Williams, Casey – Developmental Science, 2021
Young children have an overall preference for child-directed speech (CDS) over adult-directed speech (ADS), and its structural features are thought to facilitate language learning. Many studies have supported these findings, but less is known about processing of CDS at short, sub-second timescales. How do the moment-to-moment dynamics of CDS…
Descriptors: Child Language, Speech Communication, Intonation, Attention
Haman, Maciej; Lipowska, Katarzyna – Developmental Science, 2021
People tend to underestimate subtraction and overestimate addition outcomes and to associate subtraction with the left side and addition with the right side. These two phenomena are collectively labeled 'operational momentum' (OM) and thought to have their origins in the same mechanism of 'moving attention along the mental number line'. OM in…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Arithmetic, Attention, Spatial Ability
Fandakova, Yana; Gruber, Matthias J. – Developmental Science, 2021
Curiosity -- broadly defined as the desire to acquire new information -- enhances learning and memory in adults. In addition, interest in the information (i.e., when the information is processed) can also facilitate later memory. To date, it is not known how states of pre-information curiosity and post-information interest enhance memory in…
Descriptors: Personality Traits, Interests, Learning Processes, Memory