Objective: This article reports on a study of archival legal and administrative texts generated during desegregation litigation instituted during the 1970s to enforce Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The specific focus of the research was on North Carolina and actions taken by the University of North Carolina and the state's Department of…

Purpose: This research sought to determine if the gendered discourse on community college leadership has changed since Amey and Twombly published their analysis of community college literature in 1992. Argument: More women now lead 2-year colleges than ever before, and conceptions of leadership have evolved over time; but has the language used to…

Purpose: America's College Promise (ACP) is a legislative initiative introduced by President Obama to increase access to higher education, to build the economy, and to support his earlier American Graduation Initiative. This legislation has the potential to settle among the ranks of the most influential federal higher education aid and access…

This article--the first in the Council for the Study of Community Colleges (CSCC) Review Essays Series--reviews the literature concerning education-abroad opportunities for community college students. The article examines the benefits accrued to students through overseas study, briefly notes the history of education-abroad programs, and summarizes…

After an overview of the history of short-cycle education within the Bologna process, this article details the development of short-cycle higher education policy in Flanders, the largest of the three communities in the Federal Kingdom of Belgium. By developing a Flemish national qualification framework in agreement with the European qualification…

Raymond J. Young (1923-2007) played a key role in the post-World War II development of community colleges in Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, and elsewhere. This article describes his scholarly and professional contributions in developing "bottom-up," grassroots citizen's participatory studies that led to the establishment of 60 community…

Many rural community colleges have long provided on-campus housing. This article profiles the availability of housing at rural community colleges in 2001-2002 and 2005-2006, examines the factors that will continue to make on-campus housing an important service at rural institutions, and draws on 2005-2006 data from the Institutional…

To address the teacher shortage, some states have developed special associate's degrees in teacher education. This article explores the prevalence and structure of these specialized associate's degrees and presents a case for their development to smooth the transfer pathway for community college students who wish to become teachers. (Contains 3…

Community college funding formulas are tools utilized to substantiate the acquisition of funds and delineate the cost of education. This study develops a typology of community college funding formulas placing 48 states in three categories and five subcategories. (Contains 5 tables.)

Documents the history of broad-based, state- and local-level opposition to the development of public junior colleges in the early 1900's. Examines ways that states were able to frustrate the establishment of local junior colleges, and points to the uncertainty and instability of their support through the 1940's. (DMM)

Offers a review of the work of California's Commission for the Review of the Master Plan for Higher Education, focusing on the Commission's recommendations in the areas of: (1) ensuring both access to education and academic success; (2) college mission and functions; (3) faculty and administrators; (4) governance; and (5) finance. (DMM)

Reviews the guidelines created in 1950 for the development of North Carolina's community college system, and assesses how well the guidelines anticipated future needs. Reviews the achievements of the system with respect to vocational preparation, broad curricula, low tuition, conveniently located campuses, local initiative and control, and state…

Examines the new high school course requirements for admittance to baccalaureate and community college transfer programs established by the Illinois Board of Higher Education. Reviews trends in admissions requirements nationwide. (DMM)

Presents a four-stage model of the development of the community college, focusing on broad social, economic, and political changes. Calls these stages the Mutation (circa 1800-1920), the Empty Niche (1920-1950), Niche Expansion (1950-1975), and the Saturated Niche (1975-today). (DMM)

Reports on interviews conducted to assess the status of humanities instruction in North Carolina's community colleges. Includes Dallas Herring's reflections on the establishment and growth of the state's community college system. Summarizes interviews with central office representatives and two-year college managers concerning the mission and…