Describes a survey of how Italian is taught in South Australian primary classrooms. Teachers in six classrooms were observed and recorded to measure the language used, the amount of time spent speaking Italian and English, the language used by children, and the content of pupils' and teachers' spoken Italian. (SED)

Reviews some of the research on listening comprehension and defines listening skills, such as comprehension of key points and "chunking." Describes an exercise using authentic oral and written material that is intended to develop reflective skills and suggests ways in which the exercise may be adapted for various learning levels. (SED)

Relates and compares two successful approaches to the teaching of the Indonesian language and culture at two high schools in Canberra, Australia. Describes the organizational differences between the two schools; the design, structure, method and implementation of the two programs; and the advantages and disadvantages of both. (SED)

Discusses three categories of difficulties unique to the translation of Judaica: (1) such problems as terminology, abbreviations, transliterations, and acronyms; (2) the material requires the translator to know literature, folklore and linguistics as well as Hebrew and the target language; (3) a linguistic-stylistic dimension unique to Hebrew.…

Gives the history of the translation into Spanish of the literature of western culture as done by Cuban authors. (Text is in Spanish.) (TL)

Discusses Ramon Menendez Pidal's contribution to Spanish and general lexicography in his prologue to Samuel Gili Gaya's "Diccionario General." (AM)

Discusses the problem of dictionaries' treatment of phrasal verbs and their companions, verbs plus prepositions. (AM)

Discusses the category of back-translating which translates back to the source language to assure both integrity of message and integrity of form. Describes translation types which illustrate increasing degrees of reconstructive translation. Suggests that the translation gains in status at the expense of the original and upsets some rules of…

Discusses paronyms, with reference to translation, and related forms such as synonyms, polysemes, and false cognates. (AM)

Examines the professional status and social benefits of the translator in European countries. (AM)

The relationship between interpretation and stylistics in translation criticism is discussed. In a four-level model for translation criticism, zero-level translations reflect no semiostylistic techniques; levels one and two demonstrate elementary and sophisticated linguistic-stylistic procedures; and the highest level translations reflect the…