Describes the role and socioeconomic status of translators in the Latin American countries. Blames the poor quality of translations on inadequate compensation based on the piecework system. It also advocates translators' unionization as a first step to obtain higher salaries and contracts covering all benefits guaranteed to workers under labor…

Focuses on the conflicts among written languages in the countries of West Africa, especially in the areas of education, mass communication, and creative writing. Points out that writing is done mostly in the language of the former colonizing country, which makes literature accessible only to the elite. Advocates translation and native languages…

Describes the activities and growth of ABRATES (Brazilian Translators Association). This association, although private in character and financed by members' dues, has gained government recognition, has helped to organize courses for translators, and has taken the first steps to protect the rights of the translator, demanding appropriate labor…

Reviews the services provided by translators under colonialism, as compared with their new role in independent Algeria. Stresses the socioeconomic and political importance of translation as a tool for the diffusion of technological and scientific information in Arabic. (MES)

Describes the curriculum for training professional literary translators used at the Gorky Literary Institute in Moscow. (AM)

About 75 bibliographic references are provided, dealing chiefly with translation theory and reference books, and arranged by year of publication (1955-1978). (AM)

Presents an analysis of Russian compound word structure, dividing the compound terms into four categories based on word-formation structure and showing how these four categories may be translated into English. (AM)

Examines the differences in the way French and English treat contrastive stress and comparatives, with implications for translation. (AM)

Provides a list of international medical and pharmaceutical terminology in three stages of development: (1) established international terms; (2) neologisms in the course of unification; and (3) recent neologisms in the course of unification. (AM)

Presents 27 international terms, including neologisms, relating to electricity and electronics, in order to provide translators with patterns for adopting and/or modifying new terms. (AM)

Presents results of a survey of sign language interpreter training and provision in European Community countries. The questionnaire addressed such areas as: language forms used by deaf people and interpreters; training funding and priorities; interpreter evaluation, registration, availability, and salaries; and societal acceptance of sign language…

Reviews the variety of language styles with which the translator deals and discusses the esthetic and practical advantages of adapting the language of a text to the sociocultural and communicative habits of a specific linguistic group. (MSE)

Translation of proper place and personal names is very difficult, especially when they occur within texts. It is often necessary to consider native pronunciation and the rules of transcription and transliteration in both languages. Examples from the literature illustrate the need for more attention to this problem. (MSE)

It is proposed that treatment of translation as a discipline can provide translators with techniques and perspectives on their work. Spanish and Dutch versions of a novel illustrate how seemingly innocent and subtle shifts in perspective can affect the most important and distinguishing qualities of a text. (MSE)

In recognition of the value of cultures with languages that are not commonly spoken, the Czech and Slovak publishing industries have a long-standing policy of making available literary works translated from dozens of languages other than "world" languages, contributing to international cultural understanding and appreciation. (MSE)