This profile describes the key features of the examination and assessment systems of Romania. It provides a snapshot taken at the end of more than a decade of major political, social and economic changes, when it is widely accepted that Romania has made significant advances in its educational reforms and that important innovations are now becoming firmly embedded. A brief description of the country and its education system is followed by a presentation of the examinations and other forms of assessment carried out at the key stages of education. The impact of these is evaluated. In addition, the efforts that have been made to establish new educational standards and to monitor these over time are analysed.