This study analyzed treatment of geometric transformations in presently available middle grades (6, 7, 8) student mathematics textbooks. Fourteen textbooks from four widely used textbook series were evaluated: two mainline publisher series, Pearson (Prentice Hall) and Glencoe (Math Connects); one National Science Foundation (NSF) funded curriculum…

According to NCTM's "Principles and Standards for School Mathematics" (2000), the act of estimating is reflective of students' mathematical intuition and number sense. Students with more developed number sense are better able to judge the reasonableness of their results. To promote estimation, Jennifer Marshall explored incorporating…

Lines and angles are essential for students because of geometry and its many applications in daily life. However, there are still many students who have difficulty grasping the material. Therefore, it is necessary to design learning using the right approach, context, and media. This study aims to produce a learning trajectory that can assist…

This book describes and illustrates learning paths for the mathematical concepts and skills of each grade 8 Focal Point as presented in Curriculum Focal Points for Prekindergarten through Grade 8 Mathematics. It includes representational supports for teaching and learning that can facilitate understanding, stimulate productive discussions about…