This paper examines the effects of unavoidable pollutants on fetal development in humans. Inevitable pollutants such as radiation, pesticides, gases and lead found in the air, water, and food of our industrialized society are discussed as well as psychological correlates of industrialization and urbanization such as stress, increased noise levels and crowding. The paper puts research published primarily within the fields of medicine and epidemiology in a developmental context, suggesting how even subtle fetal impairment can affect cognitive, social, and perceptual development both before and after birth. (JMB)