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Woods, Carol M.; Cai, Li; Wang, Mian – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2013
Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when the probability of responding in a particular category to an item differs for members of different groups who are matched on the construct being measured. The identification of DIF is important for valid measurement. This research evaluates an improved version of Lord's X[superscript 2] Wald test for…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Item Response Theory, Computation, Comparative Analysis
Woods, Carol M. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2011
Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when an item on a test, questionnaire, or interview has different measurement properties for one group of people versus another. One way to test items with ordinal response scales for DIF is likelihood ratio (LR) testing using item response theory (IRT), or IRT-LR-DIF. Despite the various advantages of…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Test Items, Item Response Theory, Nonparametric Statistics
Woods, Carol M. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2009
Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when items on a test or questionnaire have different measurement properties for one group of people versus another, irrespective of group-mean differences on the construct. Methods for testing DIF require matching members of different groups on an estimate of the construct. Preferably, the estimate is…
Descriptors: Test Results, Testing, Item Response Theory, Test Bias
Woods, Carol M. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2011
Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when an item on a test, questionnaire, or interview has different measurement properties for one group of people versus another, irrespective of true group-mean differences on the constructs being measured. This article is focused on item response theory based likelihood ratio testing for DIF (IRT-LR or…
Descriptors: Simulation, Item Response Theory, Testing, Questionnaires
Woods, Carol M. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2009
Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when an item on a test or questionnaire has different measurement properties for one group of people versus another, irrespective of mean differences on the construct. There are many methods available for DIF assessment. The present article is focused on indices of partial association. A family of average…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Measurement, Correlation, Methods
Woods, Carol M.; Grimm, Kevin J. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2011
In extant literature, multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) models have been presented for identifying items that display uniform differential item functioning (DIF) only, not nonuniform DIF. This article addresses, for apparently the first time, the use of MIMIC models for testing both uniform and nonuniform DIF with categorical indicators. A…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Testing, Interaction, Item Response Theory
Woods, Carol M.; Oltmanns, Thomas F.; Turkheimer, Eric – Psychological Assessment, 2008
Person-fit assessment is used to identify persons who respond aberrantly to a test or questionnaire. In this study, S. P. Reise's (2000) method for evaluating person fit using 2-level logistic regression was applied to 13 personality scales of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP; L. Clark, 1996) that had been administered…
Descriptors: Social Desirability, Pathology, Personality Traits, Adjustment (to Environment)
Woods, Carol M. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2008
In Ramsay-curve item response theory (RC-IRT), the latent variable distribution is estimated simultaneously with the item parameters of a unidimensional item response model using marginal maximum likelihood estimation. This study evaluates RC-IRT for the three-parameter logistic (3PL) model with comparisons to the normal model and to the empirical…
Descriptors: Test Length, Computation, Item Response Theory, Maximum Likelihood Statistics
Woods, Carol M. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2008
Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when an item has different measurement properties for members of one group versus another. Likelihood-ratio (LR) tests for DIF based on item response theory (IRT) involve statistically comparing IRT models that vary with respect to their constraints. A simulation study evaluated how violation of the…
Descriptors: Simulation, Item Response Theory, Comparative Analysis, Statistics
Woods, Carol M. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2008
Item response theory-likelihood ratio-differential item functioning (IRT-LR-DIF) is used to evaluate the degree to which items on a test or questionnaire have different measurement properties for one group of people versus another, irrespective of group-mean differences on the construct. Usually, the latent distribution is presumed normal for both…
Descriptors: Simulation, Computation, Item Response Theory, Test Items
Woods, Carol M. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2007
The purpose of this research is to describe, test, and illustrate a new implementation of the empirical histogram (EH) method for ordinal items. The EH method involves the estimation of item response model parameters simultaneously with the approximation of the distribution of the random latent variable (theta) as a histogram. Software for the EH…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory
Woods, Carol M. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2007
Ramsay curve item response theory (RC-IRT) was recently developed to detect and correct for nonnormal latent variables when unidimensional IRT models are fitted to data using maximum marginal likelihood estimation. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of RC-IRT for Likert-type item responses with varying test lengths, sample…
Descriptors: Test Length, Item Response Theory, Sample Size, Comparative Analysis
Woods, Carol M. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2008
In Ramsay-curve item response theory (RC-IRT), the latent variable distribution is estimated simultaneously with the item parameters. In extant Monte Carlo evaluations of RC-IRT, the item response function (IRF) used to fit the data is the same one used to generate the data. The present simulation study examines RC-IRT when the IRF is imperfectly…
Descriptors: Simulation, Item Response Theory, Monte Carlo Methods, Comparative Analysis
Rodebaugh, Thomas L.; Woods, Carol M.; Heimberg, Richard G.; Liebowitz, Michael R.; Schneier, Franklin R. – Psychological Assessment, 2006
The widely used Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS; R. P. Mattick & J. C. Clarke, 1998) possesses favorable psychometric properties, but questions remain concerning its factor structure and item properties. Analyses included 445 people with social anxiety disorder and 1,689 undergraduates. Simple unifactorial models fit poorly, and models that…
Descriptors: Anxiety, Behavior Rating Scales, Factor Structure, Undergraduate Students
Rodebaugh, Thomas L.; Woods, Carol M.; Heimberg, Richard G. – Behavior Therapy, 2007
Although well-used and empirically supported, the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) has a questionable factor structure and includes reverse-scored items with questionable utility. Here, using samples of undergraduates and a sample of clients with social anxiety disorder, we extend previous work that opened the question of whether the…
Descriptors: Factor Structure, Interpersonal Relationship, Measures (Individuals), Interaction
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