The concentrations of air pollutants in residences can be many times those in outside air, and many of these pollutants are known to have adverse health consequences. Despite this, there have been very few attempts to delineate knowledge of, and attitudes to, indoor air pollution. This study aimed to establish the knowledge of, and attitudes to, indoor air pollution in high school students and teachers, and in university students and faculty members, in Kuwait. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a representative sample of high school students and teachers and of university students and faculty members. Overall mean values for knowledge and attitudes were 7.78/19 (41%) and 3.86/5 respectively, indicating a low knowledge and suboptimal attitude. Teachers were significantly more knowledgeable than students at both secondary (OR 2.9) and university (OR 1.8) levels. Overall, books were the chief source of knowledge (57.4%) and family the lowest (25.4%). Females had significantly higher scores for attitude than did males (OR 1.6), and secondary school teachers than students (OR 1.9). There was a highly significant Pearson correlation (0.34, p less than 0.001) between knowledge and attitude. (Contains 3 tables.)