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Colon, Lorianna; Odynocki, Natalie; Santarelli, Anthony; Poulos, Andrew M. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Development and sex differentiation impart an organizational influence on the neuroanatomy and behavior of mammalian species. Prior studies suggest that brain regions associated with fear motivated defensive behavior undergo a protracted and sex-dependent development. Outside of adult animals, evidence for developmental sex differences in…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Fear, Behavior
Ribordy, Farfalla; Jabes, Adeline; Lavenex, Pamela Banta; Lavenex, Pierre – Cognitive Psychology, 2013
Episodic memories for autobiographical events that happen in unique spatiotemporal contexts are central to defining who we are. Yet, before 2 years of age, children are unable to form or store episodic memories for recall later in life, a phenomenon known as infantile amnesia. Here, we studied the development of allocentric spatial memory, a…
Descriptors: Memory, Toddlers, Rewards, Cues
Bauch, Eva M.; Otten, Leun J. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2012
Memory improves when encoding and retrieval processes overlap. Here, we investigated how the neural bases of long-term memory encoding vary as a function of the degree to which functional processes engaged at study are engaged again at test. In an incidental learning paradigm, electrical brain activity was recorded from the scalps of healthy…
Descriptors: Incidental Learning, Long Term Memory, Brain, Infants
Horst, Jessica S.; Samuelson, Larissa K. – Infancy, 2008
Four experiments explored the processes that bridge between referent selection and word learning. Twenty-four-month-old infants were presented with several novel names during a referent selection task that included both familiar and novel objects and tested for retention after a 5-min delay. The 5-min delay ensured that word learning was based on…
Descriptors: Cues, Familiarity, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Infants
Peer reviewed
Perris, Eve Emmanuel; And Others – Child Development, 1990
Children's memory of single infant experience was evaluated. At 6.5 months, infants participated in study of reaching in light and dark for sounding object. Children repeated dark procedure in laboratory when they were either one year or two years older. Older children with infant experience reached and grasped the sounding object significantly…
Descriptors: Auditory Stimuli, Cues, Early Experience, Encoding (Psychology)
Bramao, Ines; Faisca, Luis; Forkstam, Christian; Inacio, Filomena; Araujo, Susana; Petersson, Karl Magnus; Reis, Alexandra – Brain and Cognition, 2012
In this study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to evaluate the contribution of surface color and color knowledge information in object identification. We constructed two color-object verification tasks--a surface and a knowledge verification task--using high color diagnostic objects; both typical and atypical color versions of the same…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Semantics, Identification, Infants
Ohr, Phyllis S.; Fagen, Jeffrey W. – 1984
The influence of negative affect on the retrieval of information from memory during infancy was investigated in two studies through the use of an operant conditioning paradigm. The procedure used, known as "mobile conjugate reinforcement," involves a free operant task in which an infant is reinforced for footkicking by the movement of an…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Cues, Emotional Response, Infant Behavior
Peer reviewed
Gerhardstein, Peter; Liu, Jane; Rovee-Collier, Carolyn – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1998
Three experiments examined characteristics of a stimulus-cueing retrieval from long-term memory for 3-month olds. Used mobiles displaying either Qs (feature-present stimuli) or Os (feature-absent stimuli) and tested 24 hours later. Findings indicated that target-distractor similarity constraints, whether or not a feature-present stimulus, would…
Descriptors: Cues, Infants, Long Term Memory, Memory
Kelley, Jonathan B.; Balda, Mara A.; Anderson, Karen L.; Itzhak, Yossef – Learning & Memory, 2009
The fear conditioning paradigm is used to investigate the roles of various genes, neurotransmitters, and substrates in the formation of fear learning related to contextual and auditory cues. In the brain, nitric oxide (NO) produced by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) functions as a retrograde neuronal messenger that facilitates synaptic…
Descriptors: Animals, Cues, Scientific Research, Conditioning
Peer reviewed
Hildreth, Karen; Sweeney, Becky; Rovee-Collier, Carolyn – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2003
Three experiments examined the memory-preserving effects of reactivation and reinstatement reminders following 6-month-olds' learning and forgetting of an operant task. Findings indicated that a single reactivation reminder extended infants' memory of an operant mobile task for 2 weeks, a single reinstatement extended it for 4 weeks. A single…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Cues, Infant Behavior, Infants
Peer reviewed
Sullivan, Margaret Wolan – Child Development, 1982
The present study was designed to determine whether a reactivation procedure (consisting of the experimenter's manipulation of a previously experienced overhead crib mobile) would alleviate infant's poor retention after a 14-day interval. It is concluded that forgetting by young infants may result from failures in retrieval, and not failures in…
Descriptors: Attention, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Cues
Peer reviewed
Bauer, Patricia J.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1995
Two experiments examined factors of recall in one- to two-year olds. Results suggest that the strength of organization of an event representation, rather than retention interval, is a major factor in long-term recall between one and two years old. (ETB)
Descriptors: Cues, Infants, Long Term Memory, Memory