Topicality of the study is driven by the fact that the new fundamental mathematical ideas and methods of mathematics arise in the new era of mathematization of science and have a great influence on the formation of methodological culture of educational research in recent decades. The aim of the article is to identify the important aspects of the methodology of mathematization of pedagogical science. The leading approach to the study of this problem is a philosophical and mathematical analysis of aspects of the methodology of mathematization of pedagogical science that allows to consider in complex the aspects revealing in the light of mathematization of sciences. The analysis of the specified aspects describes the main features of a methodological interaction between mathematical and pedagogical science, the influence of the ideas and methods of modern mathematics and mathematical culture on pedagogical research, on the formation of conceptual and terminological bases of correct logic and of the reasoning of pedagogical research. The materials of the article can be used in the correct use of ideas and methods of modern mathematics during the study of the characteristic features of pedagogical objects, processes and phenomena.