The role of the College Entrance Examination Board (College Board) in setting standards in secondary school education is traced historically. The first college entrance examinations, which became known as the College Boards) were administered in June 1901 around the country to 978 high school students. The rationale was that a set of common entrance examinations would be better than separate examinations by colleges. Two people who contributed greatly to creating the College Boards were President Charles William Eliot of Harvard University and Nicholas Murray Butler of Columbia University. Ten chapters cover the following: the original College Board, 1900-1948, an emphasis on standards during the formative years, the role of psychologists in developing the Scholastic Aptitude Test, objective tests and the creation of the Educational Testing Service, the evolution of the modern College Board after 1948, the Advanced Placement Program, commissions on Mathematics and English, the Achievement Tests, and an increased voice for faculty. The history indicates the capacity of the College Board to take a diverse set of positions over the years concerning its standard-setting role. A postscript on the College Board for 1980-1986 is provided by College Board President George H. Hanford. (SW)