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Halim, May Ling D.; Ruble, Diane N.; Tamis-LeMonda, Catherine S.; Shrout, Patrick E.; Amodio, David M. – Child Development, 2017
This study examined factors that predicted children's gender intergroup attitudes at age 5 and the implications of these attitudes for intergroup behavior. Ethnically diverse children from low-income backgrounds (N = 246; Mexican-, Chinese-, Dominican-, and African American) were assessed at ages 4 and 5. On average, children reported positive…
Descriptors: Child Development, Gender Differences, Group Activities, Young Children
Tobin, Desiree D.; Menon, Meenakshi; Menon, Madhavi; Spatta, Brooke C.; Hodges, Ernest V. E.; Perry, David G. – Psychological Review, 2010
This article outlines a model of the structure and the dynamics of gender cognition in childhood. The model incorporates 3 hypotheses featured in different contemporary theories of childhood gender cognition and unites them under a single theoretical framework. Adapted from Greenwald et al. (2002), the model distinguishes three constructs: gender…
Descriptors: Sex Stereotypes, Children, Sexual Identity, Socialization
Cai, Huajian; Luo, Yu L. L.; Chen, Jie; Li, Xinying; Xie, Yiping – Developmental Psychology, 2021
To examine whether implicit social cognition is developmentally stable or variable, this study investigated three primary types of implicit social cognition (self-esteem, the gender-science stereotype, and racial attitude) across 2 years in a sample of Chinese adolescents and emerging adults (N = 608; 56% female; 15- to 27-year-olds). Rank-order…
Descriptors: Social Cognition, Self Esteem, Gender Differences, Sex Stereotypes
Zosuls, Kristina M.; Ruble, Diane N.; Tamis-LeMonda, Catherine S. – Child Development, 2014
This article advances a self-socialization perspective demonstrating that children's understanding of "both" gender categories represents an intergroup cognition that is foundational to the development of gender-stereotyped play. Children's (N = 212) gender category knowledge was assessed at 24 months and play was observed at…
Descriptors: Socialization, Immigrants, Mexican Americans, Toddlers
Peer reviewed
Tenenbaum, Harriet R.; Leaper, Campbell – Developmental Psychology, 2002
Used meta-analysis to examine relationship of parents' gender schemas and their offspring's gender-related cognitions, with samples ranging in age from infancy through early adulthood. Found a small but meaningful effect size (r=.16) indicating a positive correlation between parent gender schema and offspring measures. Effect sizes were influenced…
Descriptors: Adult Children, Age Differences, Attitudes, Children
Santhanagopalan, Radhika; Heck, Isobel A.; Kinzler, Katherine D. – Developmental Science, 2022
Across the globe, women and racial minorities are underrepresented in leadership. We examined the development of 5-10-year-old children's leadership cognition in India, the world's largest democracy. This cultural context offered the opportunity to study the development of attitudes about gender and to extend examinations of children's conceptions…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Racial Bias, Gender Bias, Age Differences
Miller, Jocelyn; Olson, Missie; Bryant, Connor; Hite, Rebecca; Childers, Gina – School Science and Mathematics, 2023
Studies suggest that the lack of diversity in the science workforce may be partially attributed to implicit bias. Collectively, implicit biases are ingrained among youth from their upbringing, culture, and media, which are subsequently reflected in their language choices. Reform efforts made in post-secondary science education have targeted…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Middle School Students, Gender Differences, Scientists
Diez, Jose-Luis; Ramos, Amparo; Candela, Carlos – International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 2023
Gender stereotypes are still present in the career choice. Students make decisions about future profession based on a stereotyped perception of studies. The under-representation of women in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics, can be explained by this gender gap in the career choice. This article explores the influence of…
Descriptors: High School Students, Foreign Countries, STEM Careers, Sex Stereotypes
Thomas, Almut E. – American Educational Research Journal, 2017
Implicit stereotypes associating science with male might play a role in the development of gender differences in students' motivations for physical science. Particularly, the stereotypes of influential adults may induce students' regulatory foci and subsequently their motivational beliefs. Drawing on expectancy-value theory, this study…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Student Motivation, Science Interests, Physical Sciences
Gonzalez, Antonya Marie; Block, Katharina; Oh, Hee Jae Julie; Bizzotto, Riley; Baron, Andrew Scott – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2022
Numerous studies suggest that by elementary school, children have implicit and explicit gender stereotypes about the toys, activities, roles, and abilities associated with boys vs. girls. Furthermore, these stereotypes have been shown to affect children's goals and behaviors, leading them to pursue activities that are associated with their own…
Descriptors: Sex Stereotypes, Sex Role, Child Behavior, Child Development
Ismail Dönmez – Journal of Baltic Science Education, 2023
Various studies have reported that students have limited, stereotypical perceptions of STEM fields. However, few studies have attempted to evaluate interventions undertaken with the aim of changing female student's perceptions of STEM professions. This research aimed to examine the changes in mental images among female students as a result of…
Descriptors: Sex Stereotypes, STEM Careers, STEM Education, Gender Differences
Perko, Victoria; Conry-Murray, Clare; Kaluza, Justin; O'Donnell, Kendra – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2020
To investigate whether adolescents approve of disobedience or lying in response to rules that restrict behavior based on gender, 89 younger (M[subscript age] = 11.74) and older (M[subscript age] = 16.67) adolescents and emerging adults (M[subscript age] = 19.97) judged vignettes wherein a child prefers an activity, but the child's parents indicate…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Gender Issues, Gender Bias, Parenting Styles
Eidson, R. Cole; Coley, John D. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2014
We examined young adults' essentialist reasoning about gender categories. Previous developmental results suggest that until age 9 or 10, children show marked essentialist reasoning about gender, but this disappears by early adulthood. In contrast, results from social cognition suggest that essentialist thinking about social categories persists…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Gender Differences, Social Cognition, Task Analysis
Watson, Carol; Plump, Jenna; Durham, James – Journal of Research in Education, 2022
The middle level years (ages 9-15) are particularly critical for young adolescent students as they explore who they are, and how they fit into the world (AMLE, 2020). Developing an awareness and understanding of how genders are sometimes treated inequitably can have a significant impact on young adolescents' self-perceptions and developing sense…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Middle School Teachers, Social Cognition, Gender Bias
Gaus, Nurdiana; Larada, Nasrullah; Jamaluddin, Syakir; Paramma, Muhammad Azwar; Karim, Abdul – Higher Education Quarterly, 2023
Drawing on the expectation state theory, this paper seeks to analyse the social cognitive process of the impacts of gender stereotypes along with their culturally derived schemas of status belief, status characteristics and emotion at the early stage of women's endeavour to emerge as leaders in academia. Employing a convenience sampling and…
Descriptors: Females, Higher Education, Sex Stereotypes, Status