In a study to evaluate the drug treatment and aftercare efforts sponsored by the State Department's International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Bureau, residential Therapeutic Community (TC) treatment programs in four European countries-Poland, Spain, Slovenia, and Italy-were examined to identify promising practices and to assess lessons learned. Based on field visits, in-person interviews, focus groups, and document analyses, the authors recommend the following promising practices for replication: (1) structured programs with individualized treatment objectives throughout each stage of therapy; (2) integration of the family into every dimension of treatment; (3) emphasis on meeting the individual needs of each client; (4) extensive involvement of volunteers in the delivery of services; and (5) integration of prevention programs for children and adolescents.