Recognizing learners' motivational problems in online remote learning, this study examined the patterns of learner's academic emotions and facial expressions detected in asynchronous video-based learning. The research questions of this are: (1) What are the patterns between facial expressions and negative emotions (i.e., boredom, confusion, and…

The interest in crossmodal correspondences, including those involving sounds and involving tastes, has experienced rapid growth in recent years. However, the mechanisms underlying these correspondences are not well understood. In the present study (N = 302), we used an associative learning paradigm, based on previous literature using simple sounds…

Until now, when practicing facial expression recognition skills in nonverbal communication areas of SST, judgment of facial expression was not quantitative because the subjects of SST were judged by teachers. Therefore, we thought whether SST could be performed using facial expression detection devices that can quantitatively measure facial…

The paper presents a system of emotions and attention analysis during e-learning multimedia contents consumption. The paper wants to explore the possible connections between facial expressions and user engagement while consuming multimedia e-learning courses such as tutorials, on-line quizzes and learning games. If a relevant connection emerges we…

Realizing facial expression is likely to be one of the earliest facilitators of social engagement, and it is a core deficit for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to build social relationship. Mobile learning creates the possibility of a learning environment and visual stimuli that can adapt its informal learning contexts to improve…

The purpose of this study is to provide reliable evidence of the observable correlates of the Aha! moment and what this means for moving from surface to deep thinking. The study analyses facial expressions and body language from video recordings of students solving problems, followed by interviews, focus groups, and surveys. The problem-solving…

Research with adults has increasingly moved beyond the focus on a small set of allegedly basic emotions, each associated with a signature facial expression. That expansion has been accompanied by a greater emphasis on the potential variability of emotion concepts across different cultural settings. In this conceptual review of children's…

To draw valid and reliable conclusions from child studies involving facial expressions, well-controlled and validated (child) facial stimuli are necessary. The current study is the first to validate the facial emotional expressions of child models in school-aged children. In this study, we validated the Radboud Faces Database child models in a…

Metacognitive awareness is knowing about learners' own thinking and learning, facilitated by introspection and self-evaluation. Although metacognitive functions are personal, they cannot be explained simply by individual conceptions, especially in a collaborative group learning context. This study considers metacognitive awareness on multiple…

During the COVID-19 pandemic, video materials have played crucial roles in supporting learning among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to explore the effects of the instructor's facial expressions in video lectures on attention and motor learning in children with ASD versus typically developing (TD) children. A total…

Educators are increasingly confronted with technology-driven learning scenarios. Even before the push from the current pandemic, digital learning apps became an integrated didactic tool. Advanced computing can thereby support the digital content creation for educational courses offered on mobile platforms. Computed media content such as natural…

We investigated the intra-individual variability of face scanning in autistic children to represent a new avenue for understanding abnormal face scanning in autism spectrum condition. Across four studies, we used eye-tracking techniques to systematically examine the variability of face scanning patterns in autistic children when performing…

For decades, scholars have examined how children first recognize emotional facial expressions. This research has found that infants younger than 10 months can discriminate negative, within-valence facial expressions in looking time tasks, and children older than 24 months struggle to categorize these expressions in labeling and free-sort tasks.…

A distinctive feature of game-based learning environments is their capacity to create learning experiences that are both effective and engaging. Recent advances in sensor-based technologies such as facial expression analysis and gaze tracking have introduced the opportunity to leverage multimodal data streams for learning analytics. Learning…

Maternal responses to infant facial expressions were examined in two socioeconomically diverse samples of South African mothers (Study I, N = 111; and Study II, N = 214; age: 17-44 years) using pupil and gaze tracking. Study I showed increased pupil response to infant distress expressions in groups recruited from private as compared to public…