Estonia is a small republic that has undergone several big societal changes (from belonging to the Soviet Union to becoming a free republic, and the process of integrating into the European Union) during the last several decades. Psychology has been taught as a separate discipline starting from 1968, but its content has been changed from very theoretical to more practical. Today, school psychologists are prepared in two universities, in which the length of the studies is five years. The programs take into account best international practices together with content from clinical and organizational psychology. Both university scholars and qualified practitioners participate by providing lectures and seminars and supervising students at their workplaces. Qualification standards for school psychologists were first accepted in 2003, and modified later due to processes in the European Union. Besides educating, university faculty members carry out research on school psychology topics.