The document examines aspects of human diversity and their implications for educational research, design, and management. The objective is to foster and create more effective and equal education by better understanding the relationship between personal attributes and educational environment. The material is presented in 15 chapters. Chapter I discusses teachers' implicit theories of the teaching-learning transaction in relation to person-environment interaction. Chapter II examines the issue of creating environments for learning which are adaptive to individual needs. It suggests six principles for the design and implentation of adaptive school programs. Chapters III through XIII each focus on a personal attribute and its implications for school processes, policies, and research. Topics are socioeconomic status, language, achievement and motivation, sex differentiation, ethnicity, culture, identity, health and nutrition, affective response tendency, cognitive style, and environment. Chapter XIV explores the current role of schools in relation to human diversity, recommending practices, programs, and research which would increase sensitivity to students. Chapter XV summarizes each chapter and the document as a whole. Recurring themes are a concern for setting or situational influences, person-environment interaction and its relation to behavior, the necessity of subjective evidence, and the problem of transcontextual validity. Conclusions are that personal dimensions of diversity must be examined and understood in the context of their interaction, and that most effective development and learning are achieved when diversity variables are in balance. (CK)