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Baggett, Vincent; Mishra, Aditi; Kehrer, Abigail L.; Robinson, Abbey O.; Shaw, Paul; Zars, Troy – Learning & Memory, 2018
Animals in a natural environment confront many sensory cues. Some of these cues bias behavioral decisions independent of experience, and action selection can reveal a stimulus-response (S-R) connection. However, in a changing environment it would be a benefit for an animal to update behavioral action selection based on experience, and learning…
Descriptors: Cues, Stimuli, Animal Behavior, Entomology
Sakai, Takaomi; Sato, Shoma; Ishimoto, Hiroshi; Kitamoto, Toshihiro – Learning & Memory, 2013
Considerable evidence has demonstrated that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels play vital roles in sensory neurons, mediating responses to various environmental stimuli. In contrast, relatively little is known about how TRP channels exert their effects in the central nervous system to control complex behaviors. This is also true for the…
Descriptors: Neurological Organization, Brain, Pain, Stimuli
The GABAergic Anterior Paired Lateral Neurons Facilitate Olfactory Reversal Learning in "Drosophila"
Wu, Yanying; Ren, Qingzhong; Li, Hao; Guo, Aike – Learning & Memory, 2012
Reversal learning has been widely used to probe the implementation of cognitive flexibility in the brain. Previous studies in monkeys identified an essential role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in reversal learning. However, the underlying circuits and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we use the T-maze to investigate the neural…
Descriptors: Learning, Brain, Olfactory Perception, Entomology
Tabone, Christopher J.; de Belle, J. Steven – Learning & Memory, 2011
Associative conditioning in "Drosophila melanogaster" has been well documented for several decades. However, most studies report only simple associations of conditioned stimuli (CS, e.g., odor) with unconditioned stimuli (US, e.g., electric shock) to measure learning or establish memory. Here we describe a straightforward second-order conditioning…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Conditioning, Associative Learning, Memory
Amano, Hisayuki; Maruyama, Ichiro N. – Learning & Memory, 2011
The nematode "Caenorhabditis elegans" ("C. elegans") adult hermaphrodite has 302 invariant neurons and is suited for cellular and molecular studies on complex behaviors including learning and memory. Here, we have developed protocols for classical conditioning of worms with 1-propanol, as a conditioned stimulus (CS), and hydrochloride (HCl) (pH…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Classical Conditioning, Long Term Memory, Olfactory Perception
Brembs, Bjorn; Wiener, Jan – Learning & Memory, 2006
In a permanently changing environment, it is by no means an easy task to distinguish potentially important events from negligible ones. Yet, to survive, every animal has to continuously face that challenge. How does the brain accomplish this feat? Building on previous work in "Drosophila melanogaster" visual learning, we have developed an…
Descriptors: Memory, Methods, Cues, Visual Stimuli
Zong, Lin; Tanaka, Nobuaki K.; Ito, Kei; Davis, Ronald L.; Akalal, David-Benjamin G.; Wilson, Curtis F. – Learning & Memory, 2006
Olfactory learning assays in Drosophila have revealed that distinct brain structures known as mushroom bodies (MBs) are critical for the associative learning and memory of olfactory stimuli. However, the precise roles of the different neurons comprising the MBs are still under debate. The confusion surrounding the roles of the different neurons…
Descriptors: Memory, Associative Learning, Entomology, Sensory Experience
Michels, Birgit; Diegelmann, Soren; Tanimoto, Hiromu; Schwenkert, Isabell; Buchner, Erich; Gerber, Bertram – Learning & Memory, 2005
Synapsins are evolutionarily conserved, highly abundant vesicular phosphoproteins in presynaptic terminals. They are thought to regulate the recruitment of synaptic vesicles from the reserve pool to the readily-releasable pool, in particular when vesicle release is to be maintained at high spiking rates. As regulation of transmitter release is a…
Descriptors: Animals, Associative Learning, Role, Neurology
Brembs, Bjorn; de Ibarra, Natalie Hempel – Learning & Memory, 2006
We have used a genetically tractable model system, the fruit fly "Drosophila melanogaster" to study the interdependence between sensory processing and associative processing on learning performance. We investigated the influence of variations in the physical and predictive properties of color stimuli in several different operant-conditioning…
Descriptors: Stimulus Generalization, Stimuli, Discrimination Learning, Simulation
Siwicki, Kathleen K.; Riccio, Paul; Ladewski, Lisa; Marcillac, Fabrice; Dartevelle, Laurence; Cross, Stephanie A.; Ferveur, Jean-Francois – Learning & Memory, 2005
Courtship conditioning is an associative learning paradigm in "Drosophila melanogaster," wherein male courtship behavior is modified by experience with unreceptive, previously mated females. While the training experience with mated females involves multiple sensory and behavioral interactions, the authors hypothesized that female cuticular…
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Intimacy, Entomology, Correlation
Scheiner, Ricarda; Sokolowski, Marla B.; Erber, Joachim – Learning & Memory, 2004
The cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) has many cellular functions in vertebrates and insects that affect complex behaviors such as locomotion and foraging. The "foraging" ("for") gene encodes a PKG in "Drosophila melanogaster." Here, we demonstrate a function for the "for" gene in sensory responsiveness and nonassociative learning. Larvae of the…
Descriptors: Entomology, Habituation, Biology, Animals