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Download full textSanchez, Edgar I.; Moore, Raeal – ACT, Inc., 2022
This study employs hierarchal linear modeling to examine whether high school grade inflation occurred between 2010 and 2021, including for students who were tested during the pandemic. The study does so while simultaneously accounting for student and school characteristics. This is the first study, to the current authors' knowledge, that makes use…
Descriptors: Grade Inflation, Institutional Characteristics, Pandemics, COVID-19
Zhang, Qian; Sanchez, Edgar I. – ACT, Inc., 2013
This study explores inflation in high school grade point average (HSGPA), defined as trend over time in the conditional average of HSGPA, given ACT® Composite score. The time period considered is 2004 to 2011. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the study updates a previous analysis of Woodruff and Ziomek (2004). The study also investigates…
Descriptors: High School Students, Grade Inflation, Grade Point Average, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
ACT, Inc., 2005
To find out whether high school grade inflation exists, data drawn from students who took the ACT in the eleventh or twelfth grades and graduated from public high schools were examined. Because grade inflation is by definition a factor that develops over time, data from a relatively long period, 1991 to 2003, or 13 years were used. The number of…
Descriptors: Grade Point Average, Grade Inflation, Economic Climate, High Schools
