White fragility has created a number of problems and challenges for Black students regarding authenticity and equality in the classroom. Racial discrimination in education and its disparities have come full circle mirroring history with the continued fight for an equitable education as a Black student. Black students continue to be mistreated and…

This research builds upon scholarship of critical theorists and critical whiteness studies. The "invisibility" of whiteness has been increasingly acknowledged and attended to in counseling psychology. Further, prominent scholars have continuously urged the field of counseling psychology to acknowledge race as a psychological…

Deeply embedded in U.S. higher education institutions is a culture of whiteness that benefits white students, staff, faculty, and administrators through racist policies, structures, and cultural norms designed to uphold whiteness. This culture not only minimizes the presence of racism, but also is pervasive on college campuses, where…

"Plantation politics" refers to the lingering impact of slavery's afterlife or how vestiges of enslavement permeate contemporary culture, including institutions of higher education (IHEs; Hartman, 2008; Squire et al., 2018; Williams et al., 2021). For Black women administrators (admins), the enduring legacy of caretaking, bodily control,…

Historically white institutions (HWIs) across the country are, in some way or another, working to address racial disparities within their organizations. As a part of campus diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts, DEI advocates work to examine ways to increase faculty and student recruitment and boost the retention of marginalized groups.…

Research focusing on White male allies confronting racism on Predominately White campuses remains scarce. White males in higher education dominate leadership roles and these roles still perpetuate White privilege on predominately White campuses. According to Lemaire (2001), White privilege examples can be found in four paradigms. The first is that…

Researcher positionality is widely accepted as a phenomenon to be understood and used to strengthen the qualitative research process. However, consideration of white researchers' positionality has largely centered on situations in which they are "outsider" researchers in spaces that do not reflect their own racial identities. To build…

Whiteness is the foundation of racism and racial violence within higher education institutions. It is deeply embedded in the ideologies and organizational structures of colleges and universities that guide practices, policies, and research. The purpose of this book is not to simply uncover these practices but, rather, to intentionally center the…

Leadership in higher education revolves around relationships between leaders and campus stakeholders. Senior Black leaders (SBLs) at Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs) carry an extra burden in navigating relationships due to the salience of their race. They face many challenges around racism, microaggressions, and other discriminatory…

The study of followership is underrepresented in leadership literature. The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological study was to explore how White student affairs practitioners engaged in social justice work at a predominantly White public research institution experienced and navigated followership. The findings indicated that the concept…

Embodied whiteness within teacher education operates in resistance to pedagogies, curriculum, discourse, and policy that seek to disrupt the influence of white supremacy in education. This study explores how five white pre-service teachers at a predominantly white institution (PWI) embodied whiteness as acts of racial microdefense to learning to…

Applying the tenets of QuantCrit, longitudinal trends in estimated graduate school enrollment percentages for Black and White students from 2002 to 2018 were analyzed and compared using U.S. Department of Education data. While the statistical analyses for Black students confirmed a positive linear trend, the relatively recent downward movement…

In critical approaches to the study of whiteness, white ignorance refers to systematic and intentional ways of (not) knowing that function to perpetuate racism. The current critical qualitative analysis examines how white ignorance surfaces in the racial identity narratives of white adolescents (N = 69, M[subscript age] = 15.91, SD = 0.49, data…

Hate crimes across the country are becoming more prevalent, and there are growing concerns for higher education and college campuses. White supremacy has been noted as a potential driving force escalating hate and discrimination at disproportionate levels, especially for Black students on predominantly white campuses. This qualitative study…

The present study sought to understand how colorblind racism (CBR) and white fragility (WF) influence the presence and perpetration of racist bullying in a middle school setting. Five focus groups and one interview (n = 20) were conducted with school administrators, teachers, and racially and ethnically diverse students to elicit their experiences…