The final unit of this three-part course begins with the mass migration of Southern blacks to the industrial cities in the North and the consequent rise of black ghettos. How the blacks responded to these new conditions--the development of the black church, the rise of the blues as a method of self-expression and the emergence of political and economic pressure groups is discussed in the first section. But the major emphasis for this book is organized around the question: Which direction for black Americans--separatism or integration? These alternatives are explored through two major case studies: Garveyism, Black Separatism in the Urban Ghetto; and The N.A.A.C.P., The Struggle for Legal Rights. The volume concludes with a discussion of the Little Rock high school incident of 1956. Footnotes, acknowledgements and picture credits are listed at the end of the book. (SO 003 130 and SO 003 131 are related.) (FDI)