As engineering and Science, Technology, Mathematics, and Engineering (STEM) rise in popularity, engineering and STEM standards in some US states as well as the Next Generation Science Standards are starting to emerge. However the ability to engineer is difficult to test with a standardized test. Either the definition of engineering (having students memorize the steps of the design process and regurgitate them on an exam) or the definition of testing (have students develop portfolios of their engineering inventions) needs to be changed. This article examines the research efforts at the Tufts Center for Engineering Education and Outreach. Two research projects highlighted in the article are: (1) integrating science and engineering; and (2) integrating literacy and engineering. Participants were students in 12 teachers' science classes.