This report is a summary of the research conducted in Phase 1 of the Schools and Neighborhoods Research Study. The program's objectives, each of which represents a separate study, are to identify the perceptions and expectations of neighborhood residents and businesses with respect to the school, to identify the services provided by the neighborhood school, and to determine the significance of the neighborhood school to the maintenance and the development of the neighborhood unit. The research approach used a pre- and post-closure comparison of selected variables. Five general questions provide the framework for reporting the findings--(1) Is the "quality" of a neighborhood changed by school closure? (2) Are residents less satisfied with their neighborhood and schools after school closure? (3) Does school closure affect the quality of education available to students in the closure neighborhood? (4) Does school closure affect school levy support? (5) Does school closure change the pattern and frequency of community use of schools? Appendixes give the background and closure circumstances and information about the research methods and school closures in other cities. (Author/IRT)