There are three pressures facing China's employment problems: (1) The re-employment of laid-off workers; (2) The employment of rural workers who have come to the cities from the countryside seeking work; and (3) The university students who are entering the workforce for the first time. These three pressures on the labor market have different…

Using data from the 1960, 1970, and 1980 censuses of Thailand, this paper explores the changing pattern of internal migration. Throughout the period, the census indicates a high degree of stability. Lifetime migration shows a slight rise in each period; recently it has risen in inter- as opposed to intra-regional movement. Five year…

A longitudinal research project was initiated in the spring of 1988 in Ankara, Turkey in selected gecekondu settlements. A gecekondu is a hastily constructed dwelling used to house newcomers to large cities. Gecekondu dwellers are predominantly disadvantaged, rural people who have migrated to the fringes of urban areas and whose children usually…

Youth in the western United States are increasing in number, but increased numbers will not necessarily translate into increased expenditures for youth programs. In the future, children in the west are more likely to have a nonWhite racial background, especially Hispanic and Asian, and they may be first-generation Americans whose parents' native…

Following a description of the rapid transformation of the Finnish society from an agricultural to a post-industrial one, this study reports results from a secondary analysis of a representative survey collected in 1981 by the Central Statistical Office of Finland. Using a sample of 744 urban residents, the 'working age' period of 25-66 years was…

An important consideration in relating educational attainment to occupational achievement and income returns is geographical immobility. It is necessary to try to understand why African-Americans originally from the rural South exhibit a disposition toward geographical immobility even when aware of the economic gains and residential satisfaction…

Discusses changes in the rural black farm and non-farm populations from 1950 to 1970 with reference to shifts in the age composition of these subgroups, influences affecting migration, and likely future trends. (EH)

Examines policy implications in terms of service needs associated with the heavy movement of blacks out of the rural South. (EH)

Author considered some of the attitudes held by those in the mainstream of American society, by public school personnel in particular, toward urban immigrants and their children between 1890 and 1920. (Author/RK)

The ongoing process of the formation of urban American and Canadian Indian ethnic institutions is discussed in terms of four stages, each dominated by a distinct set of institutions: (1) bar culture cliques and "Indian problem" institutions designed and staffed by social welfare agencies; (2) Indian centers and kinship-friendship networks; (3)…

THE HISTORY OF PUERTO RICO SHOWS THAT THE LAST 20 YEARS OF PLANNED PROGRESS UNDER ITS FREE POLITICAL STATUS HAVE PRODUCED INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL REFORMS WHICH HAVE BROUGHT A HIGHER STANDARD OF LIVING TO THE RURAL AREAS. THESE IMPROVEMENTS HAVE CREATED A DESIRE FOR THE URBAN WAY OF LIFE WHICH HAS RESULTED IN AN EXODUS OF RURAL YOUTH. THIS…

THE LACK OF CLEARLY DEFINED GOALS WITHIN THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT IS IMPEDING ITS TACTICS AND MOMENTUM. THE STATED GOAL OF INTEGRATION ACTUALLY HAS TWO ALTERNATIVE INTERPRETATIONS--FULL LEGAL EQUALITY AND RACIAL BALANCE. THE NEWER STRESS ON RACIAL BALANCE RESTS ON THE FALLACIOUS ASSUMPTIONS THAT THE NEGRO'S SITUATION IS UNIQUE BECAUSE OF SLAVERY…

Conclusions are presented indicating the role which public bodies, employers, trade unions, and other private groups can play in improving the employment opportunities of special groups, such as older workers, workers with family responsibilities, and workers of rural origin engaged in non-agricultural employment. Because of the increasing number…

The second of a 2 phase study, this project provided information for the non-Indian population about problems and needs of urban American Indians. Phase I (1971) discussed urban Indian experiences and trends; compared differences and highlighted issues of Indian urbanization. Phase II focused entirely on the urban Indian community. The thrust was…

The degree of economic, social, and psychological adjustment of urban American Indians residing in Seattle, Washington was investigated. The assumption that the 3 types of adjustment are highly correlated was assessed and hypotheses relating length of urban residence and "Indianness" (observable actions and physical characteristics) to…