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Bray, Mark – Journal for the Study of Education and Development, 2023
In the academic literature, private supplementary tutoring is widely called shadow education because much of its content mimics that of schooling. The author of this paper wrote the first global study of the phenomenon, which was published in 1999 and set the agenda for much subsequent research. The present paper considers research emphases over…
Descriptors: Private Education, Tutoring, Educational Research, Figurative Language
Tikiri N. Herath – Journal of Education, 2024
This study individually estimates and analyzes the contribution of public schools and fee-paid private tutoring classes to academic performance of students in Sri Lanka. Econometric models and measures of descriptive statistics were estimated and instructional time was graphically compared to test whether the private tutoring classes significantly…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Public Schools, Academic Achievement, Tutoring
Li Jun; Wang Weilin – European Journal of Education, 2024
Shadow education has burgeoned into a global phenomenon, and over the last 30 years, a substantial body of literature has emerged to explore this trend. Drawing on bibliometric data from 377 articles retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS), this study investigates the evolving landscape of shadow education research. It examines historical…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Educational Trends, Authors, Publications
Sang Hoon Bae; Kee Ho Choi – ECNU Review of Education, 2024
Purpose: In Korea, private tutoring is considered a social evil that damages the capacity of public schooling and undermines social justice. Although the government has implemented various policies to reduce private tutoring, ranging from improving the quality of education to providing "quasi-private tutoring" programs and regulating the…
Descriptors: Tutoring, Private Education, Foreign Countries, Educational Policy
Shalini Bhorkar – ECNU Review of Education, 2024
The relationship between private tutoring (PT) and mainstream education is among the complex themes characterizing PT discourses in the literature. This study examined the complications of practices and processes in tutoring and schooling to elucidate different roles played by PT and its relationship with mainstream education.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Private Education, Tutoring, Role
Kristín Dýrfjörð; Berglind Rós Magnúsdóttir; Valgerður S. Bjarnadóttir – Education Inquiry, 2024
The educational services industry has grown internationally, and there has been an explosion in external programmes that teach basics and behavioural control, as well as administrative data programmes. This growth has affected the governance of preschools worldwide and spurred schoolification and marketisation. In this context, this study examines…
Descriptors: Preschool Education, Principals, Private Education, Private Schools
Gutiérrez, Gabriel; Lupton, Ruth; Carrasco, Alejandro; Rasse, Alejandra – Journal of Education Policy, 2023
The process of privatising services historically provided by the state has blurred the boundaries between what is considered to be 'private' and 'public'. However, few efforts have been made in the educational arena to develop tools to measure this process. Most of the previous research has relied on narrow definitions about what is private and…
Descriptors: Public Education, Private Education, Foreign Countries, Measurement
Peter Teo; Dorothy Koh – Educational Philosophy and Theory, 2024
Shadow education, or supplementary private tutoring, has expanded to become a multi-billion-dollar industry worldwide, capitalising on the desires of parents and their children to succeed and excel in education. In doing so, shadow education draws upon and reproduces cultural capital represented by knowledge, skills and educational credentials and…
Descriptors: Private Education, Web Sites, Discourse Analysis, Cultural Capital
Anna Hawrot; A. Katharina Peters; Janina Roloff-Bruchmann; Karin Guill – Educational Review, 2024
Research on the instructional quality of private tutoring is scarce. Meanwhile, poor instructional quality may be a reason for the minimal or null effects of private tutoring on academic achievement reported in many studies. It is also not clear what makes a good private tutor. To fill in these gaps, the study examined whether the structure of…
Descriptors: Educational Quality, Instructional Effectiveness, Private Education, Tutoring
Rashad L. Burden – ProQuest LLC, 2023
The challenges that are encountered in private schools are in constant flux. Teachers and administrators are tasked with leading and guiding future generations in tumultuous times. A leader's creativity has a significant influence on the diverse teams that are engaging school-age children. Creative leadership is lacking in academic research in…
Descriptors: Creativity, Leadership, Nonprofit Organizations, Private Education
Hajar, Anas; Karakus, Mehmet – Asia Pacific Education Review, 2022
This study aims to map the literature on shadow education using metadata extracted from 488 publications indexed in the Web of Science database. It is termed as shadow education because much of its content mimics what is learned in schools. The study uses bibliometric procedures to describe and visually represent available literature on shadow…
Descriptors: Tutoring, Private Education, Bibliometrics, Educational Research
Pu Yu; János Gordon Gyori – International Journal for Research on Extended Education, 2022
This scientometric review takes 351 documents from 1992-2021 as the research object based on the Web of Science database. With the help of CiteSpace, this study aims to construct visualization mapping knowledge domains, display the research status in shadow education more intuitively, contribute opportunities for further research, and provide a…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Tutoring, Private Education, Cooperation
Gazi Mahabubul Alam; Md. Abdur Rahman Forhad – Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 2025
Purpose: Education can be classified into formal and informal sectors--the first category as a regular schooling system and the latter category as private tutoring. After completing secondary education, students in many countries receive education from private tutoring to get admission into the university. This study examines the effect of private…
Descriptors: Tutoring, Academic Achievement, College Admission, Foreign Countries
Ren, Ping; Dou, Zhongchen; Wang, Xici; Li, Simeng; Wang, Lidong – Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 2023
Private supplementary tutoring (PT) has expanded significantly and attracted widespread public interest in China in recent years. It deserves systematic empirical research and reflection, given its crucial theoretical and practical implications. Based on the data of a large-scale survey and testing project, this study examined its effects on the…
Descriptors: Private Education, Supplementary Education, Tutoring, Mathematics Instruction
Jha, Sanjeev Kumar – Journal of Education, 2023
Private tuition (PT) is a common phenomenon in India. Today, it is a multi-billion U.S. dollar (USD) market and the third major contributor of household expenses in India. However, "the effect of PT on academic achievement of the students" is a subjective statement and is being questioned by its very outcomes. Literature reveals that PT…
Descriptors: Private Education, Tutoring, Foreign Countries, Supplementary Education