Impaired procedural learning has been suggested as a possible cause of developmental dyslexia (DD) and developmental language disorder (DLD). We evaluate this theory by performing a series of meta-analyses on evidence from the six procedural learning tasks that have most commonly been used to test this theory: the serial reaction time, Hebb…

The relationship between conscientiousness and creativity remains equivocal. This is surprising because conscientiousness is a good predictor of job performance across most criteria and occupations. In this longitudinal study, I found support for the achievement striving and the dependability aspects of conscientiousness affecting team member…

Research in higher education confirms the importance of self-efficacy in student persistence and success in college. The current study examined the role of self-efficacy in supporting academic and psychosocial adjustment in the critical first college year and the context of an academically-oriented first-year seminar (FYS). Students completed…

Number sequences are defined in terms of children's abilities to construct and transform units. Children operating with the initial number sequence (INS) construct units of 1. They construct other numbers as strings of 1s and can count on, by 1s, from one number to a subsequent number. A critical benchmark in children's further numerical…

The present study aimed to analyze the direction of the associations between repeating patterning, growing patterning, and numerical ability. Participants were 410 children who were annually assessed on their repeating patterning, growing patterning, and numerical ability, at ages 4, 5, and 6 years (i.e., spring 2017, 2018, and 2019). A…

A central principle of programmatic assessment is that the final decision is not a surprise to the learner. To achieve this, assessments must demonstrate predictive and consequential validity, however, to date, research has only focussed on the former. The present study attempts to address this gap by examining the predictive and consequential…

We explore different ways in which the human visual system can adapt for perceiving and categorizing the environment. There are various accounts of supervised (categorical) and unsupervised perceptual learning, and different perspectives on the functional relationship between perception and categorization. We suggest that common experimental…

In discourses involving implicit causality, the implicit cause of the event is referentially predictable, that is, it is likely to be rementioned. However, it is unclear how referential predictability is calculated. We test two possible explanations: (1) The frequency account suggests that people learn that implicit causes are predictable through…

Few data-driven approaches are available to estimate the risk of conclusion change in systematic review updates. We developed a rule-based approach to automatically extract information from reviews and updates to be used as features for modelling conclusion change risk. Rules were developed to extract relevant information from published Cochrane…

Although apprenticeships ease the school-to-work transition for youth, many apprentices seriously consider dropping out. While associated with noncompletions, dropout considerations are important to study in their own right, because they reflect a negative quality of apprenticeship experience and can impact apprentices' quality of learning and…

This paper explores the effect of using multitask learning for abstractive summarization in the context of small training corpora. In particular, we incorporate four different tasks (extractive summarization, language modeling, concept detection, and paraphrase detection) both individually and in combination, with the goal of enhancing the target…

Machine Learning concept learns from experiences, inferences and conceives complex queries. Machine learning techniques can be used to develop the educational framework which understands the inputs from students, parents and with intelligence generates the result. The framework integrates the features of Machine Learning (ML), Explainable AI (XAI)…

We investigated the relationship between category learning and domain-general object recognition ability (o). We assessed this relationship in a radiological context, using a category learning test in which participants judged whether white blood cells were cancerous. In study 1, Bayesian evidence negated a relationship between o and category…

This study investigated the predictive validity of school-subject-specific self-concepts of ability, intrinsic task values, and cost (operationalized as task effort) for motivation regarding unclassified novel learning content--a fictional project management course--as a function of perceived similarity between school subject and novel learning…

Laypeople's estimates of carbon footprints have repeatedly shown to be deficient, which may hinder targeted behavior change to reduce CO2 emissions. In an online study (N = 127), a vast underestimation of carbon footprints for 60 food items was observed in an on average highly educated convenience sample, confirming a lack of carbon footprints…