This book presents a survey of Puerto Ricans in United States urban areas in New York State, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Illinois, and Ohio. The survey includes a discussion of education, language, literacy, jobs and income, and demography. A few of the highlights of the survey include: (1) the unemployment picture for Puerto Ricans approaches 33% compared with a nationwide U.S. figure of about 6%, (2) in the decade 1960-1970, the birthrate (for the first time) contributed more to population growth among U.S. mainland Puerto Ricans than did the arrival of new migrants from the island, (3) at some point in the 1980's, the number of Puerto Ricans on the U.S. mainland may be as large as the number of Puerto Ricans on the island of Puerto Rico, (4) educational levels for U.S. Puerto Ricans are lower than those for black and white Americans, in part due to a severe shortage of bilingual teachers, (5) Puerto Ricans have made significant gains in some socioeconomic areas, but in one crucial category, income, they lag far behind; and in relative terms, during the 1960's they did not advance at all, (6) there is a growing dichotomy between the achievement levels of migrants and those mainland born Puerto Ricans (the latter have higher levels of education and income, but remain far poorer than the average American), and (7) rapidly shrinking job opportunities in the mainland urban areas of the Northeast, particularly for the unskilled and semi-skilled. All of these factors indicate that Puerto Ricans face a grim struggle for economic survival in the coming decade. (Author/AM)