Utilizing Appalachian culture to teach science on the secondary level, this guide considers some early Appalachian Indian and White practices and presents the scientific principles involved. First, the folk practice or procedure is described. Then scientific facts governing the situation are presented. Following directions for an experiment which demonstrates the scientific principles involved, the conclusion section discusses the folk custom in terms of the scientific principles. The section on Early Indian Ways describes various practices used by the Indians of Appalachia to survive and to improve their quality of life. The section on Mountaineer Ways also highlights early methods for improving the quality of life and for survival. There is a description of early food preservation and storage and of different uses of natural substances. Folklore is included as an historical science of Appalachia because it attempts to throw light on man's past in an inductive manner. (CM)