In the years from 1930 to 1960 a number of socio-cultural forces influenced the emergence of outdoor education with the five major areas of influence including philosophical, social, economical, political and educational factors. Philosophical factors were found in the doctrines of Rousseau, Herbart, Pestalozzi and Spencer with the ideas of…

The philosophy and practices of a residential camp program for delinquent and emotionally disturbed youth are set forth in this book designed for persons directly involved with children. The therapeutic camping model discussed here provides an outdoor setting in which disturbed youth live in small, primary groups and get their education through…

Emphasizing an interdisciplinary, experiential learning approach, this curriculum guide is designed for a one year recreative arts-outdoor education course for high school students in the Dallas (Texas) Independent School District. The course objective is to develop the skills and knowledge necessary for fostering responsible behavior in an…

Created in 1974, the Connecticut Wilderness School is a successful program for breaking patterns of failure due to negative self-image and instilling positive values of confidence and responsibility in order to develop constructive attitudes and behaviors in young people aged 15 to 20 who have run into trouble with the law. The wilderness program…

Focusing on outdoor education in a broad sense, this book comprehensively provides elementary school teachers with rationale, planning guidance, and specific ideas for using the outdoors to enhance the development of the whole child through the stimulation of both right and left hemispheres of the brain. Part I presents a definition, rationale,…

High school sophomores participating in the second year of Project Adventure, an educational program expanded to include community service, experiential learning, and a rigorous physical education program, showed improvements in physical abililty and self-concept consistent with improvements shown by students in the program's first year.…

OUTDOOR EDUCATION IS NOT AN ADDITIONAL SUBJECT IN THE CURRICULUM, BUT IS A WAY OF LEARNING IN WHICH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT IS EFFECTIVELY USED TO TEACH THAT PART OF THE CURRICULUM THAT CAN BEST BE TAUGHT OUTDOORS, AND TO VITALIZE OTHER PARTS THROUGH FIRST-HAND EXPERIENCES. THE 363 SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES IN THIS BOOK ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE…

The paper presents a rapid scanning of the state of the art of research and evaluation of Outward Bound and related educational programs. Initial comments outline criteria for assessing internal and external validity of studies. Distinctions are made between research, evaluation, measurement, judgement, and public relations. The work of Rosen,…

One of 10 sites chosen for multi-year funding under the National Institute of Education's rural Experimental Schools Program (ES), the New Hampshire School Supervisory Union 58 ES Project was a community-based effort, serving 3 autonomous school districts and operative between July 1973-July 1978. Serving a total population of 3,816, the project…

Presenting four basic adventure education concepts as defined by Project Adventure (a Demonstrator/Developer Project within the National Diffusion Network and operating out of Massachusetts), this book describes a number of successful high school and middle high adventure programs. Major adventure education concepts are identified as: adventure…

Attended by 250 persons, the workshop was directed toward assessing participant outcomes of resident outdoor experiences, effectiveness of camping and environmental education programs, and leadership strategies related to quality outdoor experiences. Its keynote theme was "The Dynamics of Research". Focus was on the utilization of research and the…

This guide to environmental and outdoor education is based on the principle that man will properly care for his world only if he both understands and appreciates it. Seventy-two multidisciplinary environmental themes are identified for instruction in grades K-12. Each theme is presented with behavioral objectives, key concepts, and both in school…

Describing and analyzing the impact of Outward Bound (OB) programs on 12 high schools which reflect OB involvement varying from 1 to 5 years and include urban, suburban, and rural (public, private, boarding, and day) schools, this 1970-71 report is aimed at furthering OB philosophy and method. The report presents OB program: background; evaluation…

Designed to aid educational institutions and community organizations in selecting, planning, developing and using outdoor learning areas as outdoor classrooms, this guide includes: (1) Learning by Discovery (scientific, cultural, and recreational goals); (2) The Initial Planning Effort (use of: a planning committee including teachers,…

In conjunction with a literature review, 100 recognized leaders in environmental education and related fields were surveyed via a mail questionnaire for purposes of determining the knowledge and skill concepts deemed necessary for outdoor/environmental education teachers at both the elementary and secondary levels. The survey elicited a 67%…