A study of toy-play mapping by three-, four-, and five-year-old children demonstrates that children can clearly represent a cognitive map at the age of three. Mapping, therefore, is developmentally primitive and formal map learning can begin at the age of school entrance. (JH)

The purpose of the article is to reassess the utility of an old tool of geographic instruction, the atlas profile, which helps in understanding spatial concepts and associations. (KM)

THIS TEXT, ONE OF TWO REVISED FROM AN "EXPERIMENTAL COURSE IN SWAHILI" (FSI 1965), WAS PREPARED FOR THE PEACE CORPS. IT MAY BE USED BEFORE, AFTER, OR CONCURRENTLY WITH THE OTHER REVISED PORTION, "SWAHILI, AN ACTIVE INTRODUCTION, GENERAL CONVERSATION." THE SAME DISTINCTIVE FORMAT IS FOLLOWED--THAT OF A "MICROWAVE"…

Mapping symbols adopted by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources are presented with their explanations. In an effort to provide standardization and familiarity teachers and other school people involved in an outdoor education program are encouraged to utilize the same symbols in constructing maps. (DK)

This report describes a study to determine the effect of training on accuracy in estimating angles. The study was part of a research program directed toward improving navigation techniques for low-level flight in Army aircraft and was made to assess the feasibility of visually estimating angles on a map in order to determine angles of drift.…

Airline travel provides those interested in geography with opportunities to see and photograph rural and urban scenes. Author describes circuitous routing, joint fares, and stopover techniques that maximize domestic and international air travel experiences. Defines various airline and travel agent terminology. (Author/BC)

The effectiveness of simulation games as a method for teaching superordinate concepts was tested via a week-long experiment involving 183 fifth and sixth-grade students in the development of map skills. The simulation group demonstrated superior performance on the delayed posttest but not on the immediate posttest. (JC)

Presents a lesson designed to simulate the events of The Alaskan Native Claims Settlement Act in the classroom by assigning students roles as different Alaska natives with different concerns. Emphasizes map reading skills, resource inventorying, composite map production, land use and cultural values, and the process of land selection. (Author/AEM)

The purpose of this paper is to promote a better understanding of contour map lines and the mental visualization of the topographic forms that they represent by detailing 17 principles of contour map reading and illustrating them with computer-generated, three-dimensional maps. (Author/BSR)

Orienteering is cross-country running and map reading. (BD)

Provides information on Landsat maps of Canada made from pictures taken by satelitte. Suggests guidelines for their use in the elementary classroom. (Author/CM)

Describes a study which examined how to improve the readability of maps for upper elementary and middle school students. Data were gathered through interviews with 96 students who were asked a series of questions requiring the interpretation of one of four experimental maps. (AM)