Critics have traditionally looked to the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 as the origin of the doctrine of transubstantiation and the inspiration for Gonzalo de Berceo's "Sacrificio de la misa". Textual evidence proves that this belief far predated 1215 and that Berceo based his text on the Latin tradition of explicating the Mass that had become…

Examines the work of the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus and other evidence for the existence of public libraries in fourth and fifth century A.D. Rome. It is concluded that a number of libraries were still in existence in the early fourth century, and at least one was open as late as A.D. 455. (MES)

Discusses My Dream, a short autobiographical piece written by Lucian of Samosata (ca. 120-195 A.D.). (Editor)

The movement to teach Latin orally as a living language is a recurring educational theme; this paper reviews the work of the Swiss Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827) in oral Latin. (CK)

Discusses the grading of the 1984 examination for the advanced placement Latin program. The program consists of two courses, one on Vergil and one on Horace and Catullus and is for secondary school students capable of taking college level courses. Lists essay questions from the exam and reader reactions to them. (SED)

Revised version of a paper read at the Annual Workshop of the Cincinnati Association of Teachers of the Classics, University of Cincinnati, January 16, 1971. (RS)

Sixtieth in the Classical World'' Survey Series. (RS)

Paper read at the Annual General Meeting of the Classical Association, Canterbury, England, April 1971. (DS)