This paper examines the preprint as a medium of information in the communication process among scientists. The proliferation of scientific research since World War II has increased the prevalence of preprints as a means of coping with the volume of science literature worldwide. This project collected data via a search of publications during the past 20 years, letters of inquiry sent to nine librarians, field trips to two preprint libraries, and interviews with selected individuals. Data on the historical foundations of communication in science, participants in the process, the use of the preprint, methods of access, and recommendations for future research are included. Findings indicate preprints are often the first source of recorded research accessed by scientists to keep up-to-date on current progress in any field. Information dissemination among scientists with common interests provides feedback for the perfection of the permanent record prior to formal publication. Proposed questions for further research are discussed. A list of personal correspondence and interviews, an extensive bibliography, and copies of related correspondence are included. (Author/THC)