Suggests that U.S. higher education reinforces the nation's individualistic values, including rejection of socialism's group orientation. Explains that the university promoted social mobility in the postwar era. Suggests that U.S. guilt about race relations gave rise to affirmative action. Argues that the policy ironically has heightened awareness…

Advocates community unification as opposed to individualism and privatization. Addresses the need for inclusion of social dimensions of faith in both Catholic education and sacramental preparation. (YKH)

Study 1 found that subjective well-being was negatively associated with marital conflict among offspring of never-divorced and remarried parents. Study 2 found that the negative association of divorce and of marital conflict with the life satisfaction of the offspring did not differ for adopted young adults. (Author/MKA)

Argues that the individualistic-collectivistic dichotomy results in mislabeling both cultures and individuals. Discusses ways in which individualistic concerns with independence and collectivistic concerns with interdependence coexist in Western and non-Western cultures. Outlines a theoretical framework explaining the coexistence of diverse social…

Highlights pitfalls and successes in a cooperative curriculum and teacher-development project involving U.S. and Brazilian educators. Difficulties arose, due to differing conceptions of community and individualism as related to disabled persons' equal-education rights. Challenging Brazil's hierarchically based social prescriptions resulted in…

In a multimethod evaluation of cross-cultural training tools involving 102 exchange students at a midwestern university, a theory-based individualism and collectivism assimilator tool had significant advantages over culture-specific and culture-general assimilators and a control condition. Results support theory-based culture assimilators. (SLD)

Presents three views of community: a panoramic vista of common images, the landscape of community in higher education, and the concept of community in professors' and UCEA members' lives. Distinguishes between incidental and intentional communities and asserts the primacy of diversity, mutual respect, integrity, honesty, listening, and caring. (10…

Explores the communitarian dimensions of feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman as expressed in her Utopian novel "Herland," arguing that, although cognizant of tensions between individual and community, Gilman's central point is the creation of community based on care and cooperation. Gilman's theory of education as related to…

Proposes that the primary educational challenge today is to replace the traditional focus on the individual student with concerted investments in relational process. Examines the deficiencies of individualistic educational practices, scholarship supporting the communal basis of knowledge and reason, and signs of change toward cooperative and…

Presents a developmentally grounded perspective on study of social life in cultures that examines sources of coexistence of sociability and opposition, harmony and conflict, acceptance and critique. Proposes that coexistence of these elements is systematically connected both to development of distinct domains of thought and to the dynamics of…

Investigated differences in individualism and collectivism between the U.S.'s four largest ethnic groups (African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and European Americans). Surveys of Michigan college students indicated that Asian Americans and African Americans but not Hispanic Americans scored higher in collectivism that did…

Although the constructs of individualism and collectivism appear to bring explanatory power to analyses of culture and psychology, they fail to adequately account for the complexities of social interactions and the multiplicity of people's social judgments. The research considered in the chapters in this volume offers evidence for the need to go…

Value diversity and promote understanding--so read a heading in a school district's strategic plan. The phrase was to initiate six months of controversial community debate that was eventually encapsulated into the single question: Should our schools respect or should they value diversity? This question polarized the community, ultimately shaping…

College students often use the rhetoric of individualism to explain their choice of major. Ethnographic interviews of male and female students reveal that students' choices are gendered. Men's decisions focus more on future earning potential and less on personal interest. Most women believe they can choose their major without concern for future…

Applies the concepts of idealism, individualism, and pragmatism from the Association for Teacher Education in Europe's scenario model to Germany's teacher education. Discusses the current German teacher training system's scholarly approach to idealism; notes organizational problems; examines the special psychological demands on students made by…