A recent paper proposed an alternative weighting scheme when performing matching-adjusted indirect comparisons. This alternative approach follows the conventional one in matching the covariate means across two studies but differs in that it maximizes the effective sample size when doing so. The appendix of this paper showed, assuming there is one…

The Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ) is widely used to measure the creative achievement levels of individuals. Previous studies reported a varying range of reliability coefficients for the CAQ. To this date, no study has investigated the variability in the reliability coefficients of the CAQ. A random-effects reliability generalization…

How can syntactic and learnability analyses inform each other, and thus deepen our understanding of syntax and its acquisition? This dissertation illuminates this question through three case studies in Korean syntax. I examine cases in which two structures that display distinct syntactic properties share extremely similar surface forms, thus…

Arguably, the ability to generalize is an essential characteristic of students who succeed in mathematics and computer science. Teachers should be aware of its presence in their classroom and have tools to encourage its existence. Thus, it is important to examine the successful ways that generalization is taught. This systematic review examined…

Metacognitive awareness is essential in regulating second language (L2) listening and has been predominantly assessed by a multidimensional instrument named the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ). Since previous studies have yielded inconclusive evidence concerning the generalization of MALQ, it is important to examine the…

Current views posit that forming and retrieving memories of ongoing events influences action control. However, the organizational structure of these memories, or event files, remains unclear. The "hierarchical coding view" posits a hierarchical structure, wherein task sets occupy a high level of the hierarchy. Here, the contents of an…

Considerations related to generalization of a study's findings are often interconnected to researchers' judgements regarding the 'quality' of the methodology and methodological pluralism. Too often, researchers consider generalization as only possible with respect to quantitative studies with large numbers of randomly selected participants…

We show that learners generalized more broadly around the learned stimulus when they expected more variability between the learning set and the generalization set, as well as within the generalization set. Experiments 1 and 3 used a predictive learning task and demonstrated border perceptual generalization both when expected variability was…

In this article, the authors share their favorite "Construct It!" activity, which focuses on rate of change and functions. The initial approach to instruction was procedural in nature and focused on making use of formulas. Specifically, after modeling how to find the slope of the line given two points and use it to solve for the…

External validity is an important parameter that needs to be considered for decision making in health research, but no widely accepted measurement tool for the assessment of external validity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exists. One of the most limiting factors for creating such a tool is probably the substantial heterogeneity and lack…

We describe best practices in reporting reliability estimates in counseling research with consideration to precision, generalization, and diverse populations. We provide a historical context to reporting reliability estimates, the limitations of past practices, and new methods to address reliability generalization. We highlight best practices…

It is now half a century since Joey explained to Paul Willis: 'Vandalising […] that's the opposite of boredom -- excitement, defying the law', one of many similar comments subsequently recorded in "Learning to Labour" (34). The book rapidly became an academic best-seller, and has since become an academic 'national treasure'. But, before…

In this paper, we explore the following research questions: How do first-grade students define even and odd numbers? What types of justifications do they use to support their generalizations using these definitions? We report the ways in which first-grade students define even and odd numbers and how they justify generalizations that use their…

Children actively and selectively transmit information to others based on the type of information and the context during learning. Four- to 7-year-old children preferentially transmit generalizable information in teaching-like contexts. Although 2-year-old children are able to distinguish between generalizable and non-generalizable information, it…

As evidence from evaluation and experimental studies continue to influence decision and policymaking, applied researchers and practitioners require tools to derive valid and credible inferences. Over the past several decades, research in causal inference has progressed with the development and application of propensity scores. Since their…