Selected research on the Work Incentive Program (WIN), legislated in 1967, and related research on low income families are reviewed with the aim of gathering empirical findings which illuminate the factors affecting WIN results and to contribute to discussion of future welfare, work training, and employment policies. Areas of research and discussion include the following: Work potential and work orientations of welfare persons, impact of WIN (input-output emphasis and process emphasis), altering work incentives, family structure and personal motivation, and policy alternatives in historical perspective. Results presented show that (1) welfare participants want to work, but substantial barriers (including poor health, low skills, need for child care) stand in the way of continuing labor force participation; (2) WIN has a beneficial effect upon some of those persons who receive services, but it is not clear which aspects of the WIN effort provide these beneficial results; (3) work-for-relief efforts are not cost effective; (4) when public service jobs are provided for welfare recipients, the recipients function very well, according to their work supervisors and self-evaluation; and (5) without provision of more jobs at which heads of households can earn sufficient wages to support their families above the poverty level, WIN can have only a marginal impact on the welfare situation. A nine-page annotated bibliography is appended. (TA)