Describes changes in the education systems of Latin America and the work of ethnographic researchers in the area. Examines thematic trends such as cultural reproduction, school failure, schools and the disadvantaged, teachers' protest movements, and what knowledge is really being acquired. Argues that critical attitudes have enhanced the status of…

In the past two years, three graduate students and a senior faculty member have co-taught a participatory action research (PAR) course to undergraduate and graduate students. In this article the co-teachers advocate a set of pedagogical principles and practices in a PAR-oriented classroom that establishes congruency with community PAR projects in…

This book reports on the 3-year ethnographic study of seven beginning elementary teachers in Toyko and four beginning elementary teachers in the United States during 1989-1991. The volume offers insights into the professional similarities and cultural differences that affect the teacher induction process in these two very dissimilar nations. The…

This volume brings together the insights of more than 40 contributors who demonstrate that anthropology has timely, important, and enduring messages for students and the public. The book provides the first comprehensive examination of teaching issues across all the subfields of anthropology since the 1963 publication of "The Teaching of…

This book uses an ethnographic approach to collect and analyze patterns of language and culture that affect interracial communication and culture. The study selects patterns of behavior, or elements within patterns, and maps black and white cognitive territory in order to reveal the cultural reasons for communications difficulties. The book…

The application of cultural materialism, a Darwinistic approach to social forces, reveals that human learning is ultimately governed by the required process of human energy procurement. This "ethno-logic" interpretation of the correlation between techno-environmental levels and human learning stands in contrast to the conventional but…

This paper focuses on issues related to the cultural aspects of sex equity and schooling in American society. It begins with a framework of assumptions that relate the discipline of anthropology to concepts of equity. Education or schooling is discussed as a special form of socialization, and four operational elements are cited that are displayed…

This study is a cross-cultural comparison of elementary classroom climates on a multi-method, multi-score inventory (The Barclay Classroom Climate Inventory). Subjects of the study were 438 children in grades 3-6 from two elementary schools in Taiwan and 512 children from the same grades in two Indiana classrooms. Utilizing multivariate…

This paper defines alternative schools, exploring such critical parameters as their organizational context and structure, their curricular focus and pedagogical approach, and their governance. Also reviewed are some of the studies of experimental schools. Prior research is placed in the context of a critique which argues that more detailed…

Conventional approaches to program evaluation have followed the experimental and psychometric traditions dominant in educational research. Their aim (unfulfilled) of achieving fully objective methods had led to studies that are artificial and restricted in scope. Illuminative evaluation is introduced as a total re-appraisal of the rationale and…

This paper discusses a procedure for diagnosing adult educational needs, which the author developed and tested for her doctoral dissertation to study the work performance of attendant supervisors at a mental retardation facility. She describes the methodology used as ethnographic research, which entails an analytic description of a culture by…

The three essays in this discussion paper present ways of structuring the concept of non-formal education. "Toward a Contextual Definition of Non-Formal Education" isolates three primary sub-systems: organizational, human, and curricular. Within these subsets non-formal education is differentiated from formal education by a more loosely…

This booklet, the second in a series, reports on the results of a year-long research project conducted in an experimental school associated with the Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh. Specifically, this is a report of findings pertaining to one major setting in the experimental school, the science lab. The science…

An attempt is made to understand the structural and transformational inter-relationships between processes of classification, segmentation, ranking, and segregation in a suburban high school from a cultural point of view. The first of three sections of the paper reviews the acceptance among social scientists in the last decades of the belief that…

The document presents material and personnel to alleviate the ignorance of the nature and extent of ethnic differences in the United States through applied educational anthropology. Using the term "ethno-pedagogy" for the application of cultural anthropology to education, the chapters discuss: (1) the need for applied educational anthropology; (2)…