The effects of living on campus on educational gains were estimated for a sample of African American college students. This study also examined the effects of specific residence hall experiences on African American students' educational gains in college. Controlling for an extensive array of demographic characteristics, institutional characteristics, and academic and nonacademic experiences in college, the results indicated that African American students who lived on campus reported significantly higher gains in personal and social development than African American students who did not live on campus. (Contains 2 tables.)