In the family picture the camera records during the first and last session how each family member arranges other members in a family sculpture. When pictures taken during the first session are compared with those taken during the last session, they can be a validation of the positive family changes. (Author)

Goal attainment scaling is one possible solution to the problem of measuring elementary school counseling outcomes. The goal attainment method described in this paper addresses one central question: how can counselors meet the requirements of accountability evaluations and have enough flexibility to deal effectively with the problems of individual…

The conflict and anguish that clients experience frequently result from the consequences of serious moral and ethical dilemmas and from the absence of dependable solutions. Social workers should give careful attention to the problems of clients as reflected in their stories, rather than attempt to categorize these problems in psychological terms…

Analyses cultural diversity from an international perspective, examining roots of cultural diversity and implications for cross-cultural counseling in a culturally pluralistic society such as the United States. Discusses numerous studies examining differences among national psychological groupings and asserts that mental health, psychological…

Presents flow chart of the process of psychotherapy with couples as way for practitioners to integrate various models of marital therapy into their treatment. Discusses sequentially basic steps and questions to be addressed; resolution of each stage is considered important for movement to following stages. Notes flow chart allows intervention…

Discusses coverage of relevant treatment areas for dual-career couples described in the literature. Includes a case example and analysis. Recommends an integrated multilevel approach because of the structural complexities and intricate psychological and interpersonal adaptations inherent in dual-career relationships. (ABL)

The androgyny model of masculinity and femininity serves as the basis for a framework for sex role counseling applicable to both sexes. Examples of sex role problems, counseling goals, and interventions are described. (Author/BL)

This review examines the impact of impairment on marital relationships of the elderly and barriers to therapeutic treatment. The training and skills needed to work with the elderly in a therapeutic setting and behavioral therapy approaches are also discussed. (Author/BL)

Four phenomenologically based groups were conducted with 30 mildly retarded adults. Procedural considerations and thematic issues relevant to counseling this underserved population are discussed. (Author)

Describes the nature of cognitive therapy, some current theoretical perspectives, and application to three specific populations: children and adolescents, the elderly, and those with eating disorders. (Author/BL)

Examines cross cultural trends in work, education, and family, that support the need for new goals in guidance and counseling, yet recognize the uniqueness of each culture. Suggests that sex roles have been neglected in career development theory and practice. (JAC)

Presents a model that focuses on a new approach to guidance objectives and the evaluation process. Compares client and program objectives and discusses empirical and perceptual evaluation procedures. (JAC)

A six-step process of accountability is presented to support counselors and counseling programs. The six stages are: goal setting, needs assessment, priority setting, planning interventions, evaluating outcomes, and reporting results. (MD)

Counselor trainees rated an audiotaped and role-played intake interview of a female client whose sexual orientation was varied. Subtle forms of heterosexual bias were found through participants' ratings of an unidentifible client. When responding to the ambiguous condition involving the unidentifiable client, 83 percent of the participants assumed…

Proposes and discusses ethical standards for cross-cultural counselor preparation, practice, assessment, and research. (Author)