The concepts of metacognitive reflection, reflection, and metacognition are distinct but have undergone shifts in meaning as they migrated into medical education. Conceptual clarity is essential to the construction of the knowledge base of medical education and its educational interventions. We conducted a theoretical integrative review across…

A single discrete random variable is depicted by a stick diagram, a 2D picture. Naturally, to visualize a bivariate discrete distribution, one can use a bivariate stick diagram, a 3D picture. Unfortunately, many students have difficulty understanding and processing 3D pictures. Therefore, we construct an alternative 2D disc plot to depict the…

This paper initiates a teaching sequence that focuses on building up equivalent definitions to the standard ones for the limit concept in Real Analysis. It comprises two parts: The first provides a classroom assignment where students, guided by Analysis lecturers, are led to develop an alternative definition to the [epsilon] - [delta] one for…

In many non-human species, learning retention decreases temporarily following training. This has led to the suggestion that these lapses reflect a fundamental component of memory formation. If so, transient memory lapses should also be prevalent in humans, and should occur for all types of learning. In line with these predictions, we report two…

Studies investigating chemistry students' understanding of intermolecular forces have listed alternative conceptions; however, there is a call to investigate why students might have these alternative conceptions. This study describes how second semester general chemistry students predict the location of dipole-dipole forces between two molecules…

The purpose of this paper was to briefly address the need for a conceptual framework for informatics and develop a preliminary conceptual framework. The review of the literature on informatics and the approaches to a conceptual framework tend to be linked to discussion concerning designing curriculum rather than attaining a better understanding of…

This study is the first to examine the associations between the occurrence, frequency, and adaptivity of children's subtraction by addition strategy use (SBA; e.g., 712 - 346 = ?; 346 + 54 = 400, 400 + 300 = 700, 700 + 12 = 712, and 54 + 300 + 12 = 366) and their underlying conceptual knowledge. Specifically, we focused on two rarely studied…

Mind mapping is a powerful technique that is often used for teaching declarative knowledge, but seldom implemented to record procedural knowledge. The present study focused on the latter. During a 12-week public presentation course, self-developed mind mapping software was utilized as a learning tool and an instrument to collect and analyze user…

Sensemaking is conceptualized as a trajectory to develop better understanding and is advocated as one of the fundamental practices in science education. However, the field is lacking of a framework to view the prolonged process of sensemaking that starts from a raise of uncertainty of a target phenomenon to a grasping of a better understanding of…

Creativity is typically defined as the generation of novel and useful ideas or artifacts. This generative capacity is crucial to everyday problem solving, technological innovation, scientific discovery, and the arts. A central concern of cognitive scientists is to understand the processes that underlie human creative thinking. We review evidence…

The "Global Best Practices" concept is subjective and varies from many perspectives based on the indicators used. As such, there needs to be a standardized and universally accepted definition of global best practices in education, which hinders the effective identification, adoption, and benchmarking of these practices across countries…

In our rush to get to deeper learning, it's easy to undervalue the essential role that "shallow" understanding (e.g., basic factual knowledge) plays in students' capacity to explore and understand content more fully, write Kevin Krahenbuhl and John Lando Carter. In this article, they outline three strategies to ensure students have a…

Urine formation in the nephron can be a very intimidating concept to students. This straightforward activity, performed by students during the nephron lecture, can help enforce the concepts as they uncover the structures and functions involved in urine formation.

This article presents a theoretical-didactic perspective on the formation and development of concepts concerning mathematical objects as a result of research on didactic difficulties in dealing with concepts in school. The theoretical foundation that supports the research is based on the contributions of the materialist approach to the theory of…

As students have struggled to use the "chip model" (i.e., red and yellow chips representing positive and negative numbers) to model integer addition and subtraction and have found it confusing, the authors developed a series of activities based on adding and removing opposite objects to and from a boat to better help students in this…