Two experiments examined the development of the ability to encode, maintain, and update integrated representations of occluded objects' locations and featural identities in working memory across toddlerhood. Sixty-eight 28- to 40-month-old US toddlers (13 Asian or Pacific Islander, 6 Black, 48 White, 1 multiracial; 40 girls; tested between…

Self-regulation develops rapidly during early childhood and is essential for academic and social adjustment. However, previous research has attempted to define the conceptualization and structure of self-regulation differently, leaving the field with an incomplete picture. The nature of the relations between self-regulation and early child…

Using structural equation modeling, this study identifies the direct and indirect relationships among campus diversity climate, faculty attitudes, student--faculty interaction, and cognitive skills development, examining how the relationships differ by students' race/ethnicity. With data from the University of California Undergraduate Experience…

Studies have found that some teacher professional development programs that are based on Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) can increase student mathematics achievement. The mechanism through which those effects are realized has been theorized, but more empirical study is needed. In service of this need, we designed a novel measure of…

Childcare services are widely used by families and thereby exert an important influence on many young children. Yet, little research has examined whether childcare may impact the development of child executive functioning (EF), one of the pillars of cognitive development in early childhood. Furthermore, despite persisting hypotheses that childcare…

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of auditory processing (AP) in preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using the speech auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR), which provides insights into the AP of speech signals in the central auditory nervous system (CANS). Method: A total of 84…

In a yearlong ethnographic study, we actively participated as members of the national planning committee for fourteen local climate conferences, we examined how citizen participation was imagined and enacted. We introduce a framework for studying the relationship between cognitive engagement, learning, and civic engagement in the public sphere. We…

We examine the influence of collaborative learning on need for cognition among students from 17 institutions over four years of college. Net of a wide battery of potential confounding influences including precollege academic ability, race, and a pretest of the outcome measure, for example, we find collaborative learning is associated with gains in…

Although obscured in congressional debates over the Biden administration's broader domestic policy agenda, there is bipartisan consensus on the need to do more to ensure clean drinking water in schools and communities. Earlier this year, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published revisions to rules on tightened restrictions on lead…

While the author can see many ways that artificial intelligence can be used as an adult, a professional, and a business owner, she also realized what it was going to do for children who are learning their basic skills, such as how to write, how to work with numbers, how to think for themselves, and how to make considered choices. What would this…

Neural and behavioral evidence has indicated that video games and mental training can enhance motor skills and attentional stability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the acute effect of a single session of cognitive game training on electroencephalography (EEG) activity and golf putting performance (10, 12 ft putts). A total of twelve…

The education system in the United States has historically scored low among countries across the globe. The Nation's Report Card, created by the National Assessment of Educational Progress [NAEP], showed that the proficiency in math for students decreased as they matriculated through school: Grade 4 -- 41%, Grade 8 -- 34%, and Grade 12 -- 24%…

Social justice development is likely influenced by a range of contextual experiences. We examined the ways in which emerging adult students' experiences with families, peers, and religious congregations were associated with their own social justice outcomes. Participants (N = 288; 65.4% = women) completed a survey of social justice attitudes,…

The literature defines curiosity and interest, but it is not clear how interest can be generated, where interest is positioned in the learning process, and what the impact of interest is on cognitive and emotional development. This paper reports on a three-year, iterative design-based research project involving three separate cohorts totalling 57…

Tests of measurement invariance are essential to determining whether individual scores or group averages are comparable across populations. While international comparisons of mean IQ scores are common, tests of measurement invariance for intelligence test batteries (necessary for comparisons to be empirically supported) are rare. In this study,…