Susan Castillo, Superintendent of Public Instruction in Oregon, named closing the achievement gap as a top instructional priority in Oregon. Superintendent Castillo notes three aspects to the achievement gap: (1) Performance gap: The discrepancies between the educational achievement and performance of students of diverse races, ethnicities, income levels and other groupings (e.g., students with disabilities, English Language Learners); (2) Resource gap: The disproportionate access of students to equitable funding, highly competent and trained teachers and administrators, highly engaging and rigorous curriculum, and opportunities for educational supports and experiences beyond the classroom; and (3) Willingness gap: The collective will of society to tolerate or reject the inequities in both the educational system and society at large that disproportionately and negatively affect students who are poor, minority, disadvantaged and disabled. This document summarizes where the achievement gap appears and who is affected by it.