Most cultures in the world have an educational tradition dating from well before the Christian era. These ancient educational systems were quite different from the modern Euro-American system that is now so prevalent everywhere, and were successful in producing graduates who were experts as well as citizens of character. This paper suggests that many countries could, and probably should, draw on their own educational tradition to improve or enhance modern education. To illustrate, the paper describes one traditional system: that of North American Indians. North American Indian children up to the age of 10-12 spent their time playing and helping their extended families in the tasks of daily life, assimilating numerous skills and a strong work ethic. Their grandparents usually supervised them and supplied stories and examples directed toward teaching courtesy and building character. Formal education was geared toward a calling, decided by the community based on the child's needs, talents, and personality. The child then studied for many years with one major teacher. Instruction was individually tailored so that children could not fail. Assessment was ongoing and conducted by the entire community. To be a teacher, one needed to master one's profession and apply one's learning toward the achievement of wisdom and spiritual truth. Character was emphasized throughout the process. Other viable systems of education existed throughout the world, and despite cultural differences, there were similarities among them. Aspects of ancient educational systems that could be used in reforming the modern Euro-American system of education include local community ownership of the school, integrated curriculum, strong emphasis on character, changes in the student-teacher relationship, and the value of lifelong learning. Examples are given of modern adoption of traditional educational principles and practices. (Contains 12 references.) (TD)